Table 4.

Comparison of the two groups before and after intervention.

Variable	Group	Pre-intervention ($\overline{x}$ ± s)	t/z	P	Post-intervention ($\overline{x}$ ± s)	t/z	P
PDD	IG	31.61, 3.34	−0.111	0.912	28.00, 4.60	−3.653	0.001
	CG	31.71, 3.52			31.28, 1.69
Stigma-coping orientations	IG	64.00, 6.35	0.384	0.702	56.57, 5.55	−6.206	<0.001
	CG	63.45, 4.79			64.66, 4.37
Secrecy	IG	21.45, 3.57	0.342	0.733	19.17, 3.79	−2.100	0.040
	CG	21.16, 3.09			21.03, 2.97
Withdrawal	IG	19.19, 2.29	0.597	0.553	16.97, 2.67	−4.155	<0.001
	CG	18.84, 2.40			19.59, 2.13
Education	IG	7.58, 1.48	0.777	0.440	6.33, 1.27	−4.531	<0.001
	CG	7.29, 1.47			7.93, 1.44
Challenge	IG	9.39, 1.45	−0.286	0.776	8.03, 1.45	−3.415	0.001
	CG	9.52, 2.05			9.55, 1.94
Separation	IG	6.39, 1.05	−0.980	0.331	6.07, 1.17	−1.474	0.146
	CG	6.65, 1.02			6.55, 1.35
Stigma-related feelings	IG	16.90, 2.70	0.415	0.680	15.93, 3.37	0.346	0.731
	CG	16.65, 2.20			15.66, 2.77
FFMQ	IG	113.13, 9.91	−0.486	0.628	126.00, 14.33	3.734	<0.001
	CG	114.58, 13.33			112.59, 13.23
Observe	IG	24.58, 4.96	0.349	0.729	26.97, 4.00	3.028	0.004
	CG	24.20, 3.69			23.66, 4.39
Describe	IG	23.67, 4.23	0.826	0.412	26.23, 4.00	3.814	<0.001
	CG	22.84, 3.75			22.59, 3.30
Act with awareness	IG	19.64, 4.99	−0.552	0.583	24.20, 5.54	2.655	0.010
	CG	20.42, 6.01			20.24, 5.91
Non-judgment	IG	24.71, 3.16	−0.721	0.474	26.23, 3.54	1.236	0.221
	CG	25.39, 4.17			25.03, 3.91
Non-reactivity	IG	20.52, 3.13	−1.447	0.153	22.37, 2.41	1.738	0.088
	CG	21.74, 3.53			21.07, 3.27
ITAQ	IG	14.03, 4.28	1.077	0.286	17.27, 2.98	5.202	<0.001
	CG	12.48, 6.76			11.48, 5.28

IG represents the experimental group, and CG represents the control group.