Table 5.

Within group comparisons for each group before and after the intervention.

Variable	Before or after intervention	Control group ($\overline{x}$ ± s)	t/z	P	Experimental group ($\overline{x}$ ± s)	t/z	P
PDD	Before	31.71, 3.52	0.601	0.550	31.61, 3.3	3.517	0.001
	After	31.28, 1.69			28.00, 4.60
Stigma-coping orientation	Before	63.45, 4.80	−1.014	0.315	64.00, 6.3	4.863	<0.001
	After	64.66, 4.37			56.57, 5.55
Secrecy	Before	21.16, 3.09	0.162	0.872	21.45, 3.5	2.42	0.019
	After	21.03, 2.97			19.17, 3.80
Withdrawal	Before	18.84, 2.40	−1.274	0.208	19.19, 2.2	3.502	0.001
	After	19.59, 2.13			16.97, 2.67
Education	Before	7.29, 1.47	−1.708	0.093	7.58, 1.4	3.531	0.001
	After	7.93, 1.44			6.33, 1.27
Challenge	Before	9.52, 2.05	−0.069	0.945	9.39, 1.4	3.641	0.001
	After	9.55, 1.94			8.03, 1.45
Separation	Before	6.65, 1.02	0.304	0.762	6.39, 1.0	1.123	0.266
	After	6.55, 1.35			6.07, 1.17
Stigma-related feelings	Before	15.55, 2.03	−0.171	0.865	16.90, 2.7	1.242	0.219
	After	15.66, 2.77			15.93, 3.37
FFMQ	Before	114.58, 13.33	0.581	0.563	113.13, 9.9	−4.092	<0.001
	After	112.59, 13.23			126.00, 14.33
Observe	Before	24.19, 3.69	0.515	0.608	24.58, 4.9	−2.064	0.043
	After	23.66, 4.39			26.97, 4.00
Describe	Before	22.84, 3.75	0.276	0.784	23.68, 4.2	−2.424	0.018
	After	22.59, 3.30			26.23, 4.00
Act with awareness	Before	20.42, 6.01	0.116	0.908	19.65, 4.9	−3.378	0.001
	After	20.24, 5.91			24.20, 5.54
Non-judgment	Before	25.39, 4.17	0.338	0.737	24.71, 3.1	−1.774	0.081
	After	25.03, 3.91			26.23, 3.54
Non-reactivity	Before	21.74, 3.53	0.764	0.448	20.52, 3.1	−2.58	0.012
	After	21.07, 3.27			22.37, 2.41
ITAQ	Before	12.48, 6.76	0.636	0.527	14.03, 4.2	−3.411	0.001
	After	11.48, 5.28			17.27, 2.98