Table 5.
Developmental assets by Country: MANCOVA.
| Variable | GhanaaM (SE) | KosovobM (SE) | NorwaycM (SE) | SloveniadM (SE) | TurkeyeM (SE) | SS | df | MS | F | Country differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Support | 2.92 (0.02) | 2.89 (0.02) | 2.96 (0.03) | 3.03 (0.02) | 2.95 (0.02) | 6.12 | 4 | 1.53 | 4.98** | d > b, c |
| Empowerment | 3.11 (0.02) | 3.02 (0.02) | 3.29 (0.03) | 3.47 (0.02) | 3.23 (0.02) | 76.28 | 4 | 19.07 | 74.32** | d > c, e > a > b |
| Boundaries and expectations | 3.09 (0.02) | 2.97 (0.02) | 3.09 (0.03) | 3.00 (0.02) | 2.92 (0.02) | 18.10 | 4 | 4.52 | 17.64** | a, c (= d) (= b) (= e) |
| Constructive use of time | 2.46 (0.02) | 1.87 (0.03) | 2.28 (0.03) | 2.42 (0.03) | 2.38 (0.02) | 131.42 | 4 | 32.86 | 80.55** | a, d, e > c (= e) > b |
| Commitment to learning | 3.35 (0.02) | 3.14 (0.02) | 3.45 (0.03) | 3.11 (0.02) | 3.27 (0.02) | 42.58 | 4 | 10.65 | 37.90** | c > a > e > b, d |
| Positive values | 3.48 (0.01) | 3.48 (0.02) | 3.22 (0.02) | 3.40 (0.02) | 3.45 (0.01) | 21.92 | 4 | 5.48 | 28.85** | a, b, e > d (= e) > c |
| Social competences | 3.30 (0.02) | 3.07 (0.02) | 3.33 (0.02) | 3.16 (0.02) | 3.22 (0.02) | 25.51 | 4 | 6.38 | 26.90** | a, c > d, e > b |
| Positive identity | 3.41 (0.02) | 3.21 (0.03) | 2.90 (0.03) | 2.97 (0.03) | 3.09 (0.02) | 118.23 | 4 | 29.56 | 65.85** | a > b > e > c, d |
Gender and age were controlled for; M (SE), Mean (standard error); SS, Sum of Squares; MS, Mean Square.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01.
a
Ghana,
b
Kosovo,
c
Norway,
d
Slovenia,
e
Turkey.