Table 6.

Barriers to effective cross-sectoral collaboration

Category	Barriers to integration
Technical	Limited infrastructure and resourcing
	Limited knowledge on zoonoses by relevant cross-sector actors
	Differences in training
	Disparate human and animal disease reporting systems
	Communication and information asymmetries
Institutional	Institutional bureaucracy and coordination challenges
	Competing departmental priorities
	Mistrust between actors, egos and different mind-sets among actors
	Different administrative cultures or working practices
	Insufficient funding allocation
	Disciplinary hierarchies and differences
Contextual	Complex disease governance system
	Entrenched hierarchical system
	Unsupportive policies
	Differences in regional capacities
	Regional/ cultural differences