Table 1.

Effect of natural compounds on the modulation of autophagy in stroke or other neurological disorders.

Natural compound	Autophagy regulation	Potential implication	Ref.
Urolithin A	Autophagy flux↑LC3-II ↑ SQSTM1 ↓	Parkinson's disease94 Cerebral stroke96	93, 94, 95, 96
Tomatidine	Autophagy flux↑ Lysosomal activation ↑	Alzheimer's disease97 Cerebral stroke100	97, 98, 99, 100
Spermidine	Autophagy flux ↑ Beclin 1 ↑ SQSTM1 ↓	Cerebral stroke103,104	101, 102, 103, 104
Anthocyanidin	LC3-II ↑ ROS ↓	Cerebral stroke105	105
Astragaloside IV	LC3-II ↑ SQSTM1 ↓	Parkinson's disease106 Depression107 Cerebral ischemia108	106, 107, 108
Curcumin	Autophagy flux ↓ LC3-II ↓ SQSTM1 ↑	Cerebral stroke111,112	109, 110, 111, 112
Schizandrin A	Beclin 1↓ LC3-II ↓ mTORC 1 ↑ AMPK↓	Cerebral stroke113, 114, 115	113, 114, 115
Ascorbic acid	Beclin 1↓ LC3-II ↓	Neurotoxicity116 Seizure117	116,117
Ginkgolic acid	mTORC 1 ↓ LC3-II ↑ Beclin 1 ↑ ATG-5 ↑	Parkinson's disease120	118, 119, 120
α-Arbutin	ROS ↓ AMPK-p62 autophagy pathway	Parkinson's disease122,123	121, 122, 123
Glycyrrhizic acid	LC3-II ↑ Beclin 1 ↑	Parkinson's disease125,126	124, 125, 126
Euxanthone	LC3-II ↑ Beclin 1 ↑ SQSTM1 ↓	Neurite outgrowth126 Alzheimer's disease129	127, 128, 129
Morroniside Loganin	LC3-II ↑ Beclin-1 ↑ ATG7 ↑ ATG12 ↑	Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion130 Traumatic brain injury131 Alzheimer's disease132	130, 131, 132
Resveratrol	LC3-II ↑ ATG 4 ↑ SQSTM1 ↓	Spinal cord injury133 Alzheimer's disease134 Huntington's disease135,136	133, 134, 135, 136
Genistein	LC3-II ↑ TFEB ↑	Alzheimer's disease139 Parkinson's disease140 Huntington's disease141	137, 138, 139, 140, 141
Trehalose	TFEB ↑ LC3-II ↑	Parkinson's disease143 Alzheimer's disease144 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis145	142, 143, 144, 145
p-Coumaric acid	LC3-II ↑ SQSTM1 ↓	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis148	146, 147, 148
Diallyl trisulfide	LC3-II ↑ ROS ↓	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis150,151	149, 150, 151