Table 1.
Summary of traditional treatment strategies.
| Type of drugs | Therapeutic agent | Mechanism of action | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antiplatelet drugs | Aspirin | Selectively inhibits the COX-1 involved in platelet adhesion | 40 |
| Anticoagulants | Heparins | Bind to antithrombin to deactivate thrombin and inhibit clotting factors | 41 |
| Warfarin | Vitamin K antagonist, reduces the production of activated clotting factors | 41 | |
| Argatroban | Directly Inhibits the thrombin | 41 | |
| Thrombolytics | Urokinase and alteplase | Activate the plasminogen to form plasmin | 42 |
| Neuroprotectant | Memantine | NMDAR antagonist | 45 |
| Nimodipine | Calcium channel blocker | 46 | |
| Edaravone | Free radical scavenger | 47,48 | |
| Antibody against E-selectin | Limits the infiltration of neutrophils into the ischemic brain | 49 | |
| Fingolimod | Reduces the infiltration of lymphocytes into the damaged brain | 50 |