Table 8.

The strategies, including achievements and limitations in targeted delivery of nanomedicines which could regulate multiple abnormalities.

Phase of cascade	Target	Nanomedicine and intervention strategy	Achievement	Limitation	Ref.
Combined therapy	Biomimetic targeting and AMT	Nanoplatelets delivering alteplase and neuroprotectant ZL006, TAT-peptide-linked alteplase was conjugated with platelets membrane	Reduced ischemia-related damage in MCAO rats		94
	TfR	Hb and manganous tetroxide NPs-loaded erythrocyte vesicles modified with T7-peptide	Rescued ischemic brain before thrombolysis and after reperfusion	The safety of inorganic NPs needs long-term investigation	161
	CA 1	Glyburide-loaded betulinic acid NPs	Improved the delivery of glyburide to the brain and reduced the oxidative stress	Long term administration might increase the risk of hypoglycemia	77
	NMDAR	NR2B9c-loaded boronic ester dextran NPs coated with RBCs membrane and modified with SHp	Ameliorated oxidative stress and neurological deficit		80
	Anti-firbin antibody	Rapamycin-loaded polymer micelles contained boronic ester group	Ameliorated oxidative stress and promoted the phenotypic transition of microglia from M1 to M2		23

AMT, adsorptive-mediated transport.