Table 5.

Patient outcomes by induction agent used (n = 1260)

Induction agent	IRR (95% CI)	p-value	Predicted LOS/complication rate (95% CI)
ICU LOS
Propofol	Ref	Ref	12.5 (9.0–16.0)
Ketamine	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.49	11.3 (9.1–13.6)
Etomidate	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.25	10.5 (9.6–11.3)
Total hospital LOS
Propofol	Ref	Ref	20.0 (15.1–25.0)
Ketamine	0.99 (0.8–1.3)	0.94	19.8 (16.0–23.6)
Etomidate	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.15	16.3 (14.9–17.6)
Days on MV
Propofol	Ref	Ref	6.9 (4.8–9.0)
Ketamine	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.31	8.0 (6.3–9.7)
Etomidate	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	0.68	7.4 (6.8–8.0)
Number of complications
Propofol	Ref	Ref	1.0 (0.7–1.4)
Ketamine	1.3 (0.9–1.8)	0.18	1.3 (1.0–1.6)
Etomidate	1.7 (1.2–2.5)	0.008	1.7 (1.6–1.9)

By negative binomial regression. All models are adjusted for hospital site, age, injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and induction location. The NB model for complications was offset by the total length of stay (LOS)

ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, MV mechanical ventilation