Table 2.
Immune-inflammatory profile in patients with COVID-19, Sepsis, ARDS unrelated-COVID, Cytokine Release Syndrome and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Immune-inflammatory profiles and the mean serum concentration of some inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, Sepsis, ARDS unrelated sepsis, Cytokine release Syndrome, and Severe Acute Pancreatitis, according to Daniel Leisman’s meta-analysis. Mean serum IL-6 concentration is about 27, 43, 86, and 10 times higher in patients with sepsis, ARDS unrelated to COVID-19 respectively in patients with Cytokine Release Syndrome and with Severe Acute Pancreatitis in comparison with individuals with COVID-19.
| COVID-19 | SEPSIS | ARDS unrelated COVID-19 | Cytokine Release Syndrome | Severe Acute Pancreatitis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) | 36.7 | 983.6 | 1,558.2 | 3,110.5 | 391.21 |
| Interleukin-8 (pg/ml) | 22 | 228 | 196 | 575 | 16.45 |
| TNF-α | 5 | 34.6 | 32 | 52.2 | _ |
| IFN-α | 10.8 | _ | _ | 3,722.1 | _ |
| s-IL2R | 506 | _ | _ | 12,396 | _ |
| CRP | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑↑ | ||
| D-Dimer | ↑↑↑ | ↑ | |||
| Ferritin | ↑↑ | ↑↑↑ | |||
| Lactate dehydrogenase | ↑↑ | _ | _ | ↑↑↑ | _ |
| Pro-calcitonin | ↑ | ↑↑↑ | _ | _ | _ |