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. 2021 Aug 6;99:108049. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108049

Table 6.

Clinical trial data on immunomodulators in COVID-19.

Drug Under Investigation Aim of The Trial Status of Clinical Trial Location Results from The Trial References
Anakinra (IL-1 antagonist) To determine the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of Anakinra in patients with moderate, severe pneumonia or critical pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Recruitment completed France No results posted [104]
To assess the efficacy of Anakinra in the Management of COVID-19 patients. Recruiting Qatar No results posted [105]
Tocilizumab (IL-6 antagonist) To study the efficacy and tolerability of Tocilizumab in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Active, not recruiting Italy No results posted. [106]
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of Tocilizumab compared with a matching placebo in combination with standard of care (SOC) in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Recruitment Completed Canada, France, Denmark, Spain, UK, United states In this randomized trial which involved hospitalized severe Covid-19 pneumonia patients, the use of tocilizumab didn’t result in significantly better clinical status or lower mortality than placebo at 28 days. [107]
Pegylated interferon-α2b (Interferon antagonist) To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pegylated Interferon -α2b in the treatment of adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV2. Recruiting Mexico No results posted. [108]
To evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of subcutaneous injections of 180 ug of Peginterferon Lambda-1a, compared with placebo in reducing the duration of viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 virus in uncomplicated patients. Active, not recruiting United States No results posted. [109]
To investigate the efficacy of a single 180 µg subcutaneous injection of peginterferon lambda or placebo in outpatients with COVID-19. Recruiting Canada Peginterferon lambda increased viral decline in COVID 19 outpatients. Increased the proportion of patients with viral clearance by day 7, particularly in those with high baseline viral load. It prevents clinical deterioration and shorten duration of viral shedding. [110]