Table 3.
Multilevel regression models for secondary outcomes of new or persistent symptoms, change in MRC dyspnoea scale, fatigue, EQ5D-5L summary index change and Washington Short Set new or worse disability.
| Explanatory variable | New or persistent symptoms: OR (95% Confidence Interval) | Change in MRC Dyspnoea: OR (95% Confidence Interval) | Fatigue level: Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) | EQ5D-5L summary index change: Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) | Washington Short Set new or worse disability: OR (95% Confidence Interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex at Birth by Age | Male | Under 50 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Male | 50 to 69 | 0·82 (0·21-3·30, p=0·783) | 2·20 (0·89-5·45, p=0·088) | 0·44 (-0·56 to 1·44, p=0·194) | -0·05 (-0·11 to 0·02, p=0·093) | 1·66 (0·51-5·42, p=0·401) | |
| Male | Over 70 | 0·74 (0·14-3·83, p=0·720) | 2·59 (0·84-7·95, p=0·096) | 0·38 (-0·84 to 1·60, p=0·272) | -0·04 (-0·12 to 0·04, p=0·184) | 2·08 (0·55-7·96, p=0.283) | |
| Female | Under 50 | 2·75 (0·26-28·92, p=0·400) | 7·15 (2·24-22·83, p=0·001) | 2·06 (0·81 to 3·31, p=0·001) | -0·19 (-0·27 to -0·11, p<0·001) | 4·22 (1·12-15·94, p=0·034) | |
| Female | 50 to 69 | 2·10 (0·39-11·37, p=0·389) | 6·18 (2·28-16·78, p<0·001) | 1·20 (0·15 to 2·24, p=0·012) | -0·10 (-0·17 to -0·03, p=0·003) | 2·70 (0·81-9·03, p=0·107) | |
| Female | Over 70 | 1·21 (0·11-13·89, p=0·876) | 0·62 (0·12-3·11, p=0·562) | 0·29 (-1·33 to 1·92, p=0·362) | -0·06 (-0·17 to 0·04, p=0·109) | 1·88 (0·36-9·82, p=0·452) | |
| Any comorbidity | No comorbidities | - | - | - | - | - |
| One or more comorbidities | 2·28 (0·92-5·65, p=0·076) | 0.74 (0·42-1·31, p=0·304) | 0·95 (0·35 to 1·55, p=0·001) | -0·02 (-0·06 to 0·02, p=0·139) | 2·96 (1·57-5·57, p=0·001) | |
| Severity | Scale 3 (did not receive supplemental oxygen) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Scale 4 (received supplemental oxygen) | 0·61 (0·15-2·43, p=0·483) | 0·51 (0·24-1·07, p=0·076) | -0·26 (-1·06 to 0·55, p=0·266) | 0·04 (-0·01 to 0·09, p=0·077) | 1·11 (0·51-2·40, p=0·798) | |
| Scale 5 (received HFNC or NIV) | 0·32 (0·07-1·46, p=0·142) | 0·89 (0·36-2·21, p=0·794) | -0·20 (-1·22 to 0·83, p=0·354) | 0·01 (-0·06 to 0·08, p=0·371) | 1·32 (0·49-3·51, p=0·583) | |
| Scale 6 or 7 (received invasive mechanical ventilation or critical care) | 1·18 (0·24-5·95, p=0·838) | 1·82 (0·79-4·22, p=0·162) | -0·18 (-1·09 to 0·74, p=0·354) | -0·05 (-0·11 to 0·02, p=0·073) | 1·48 (0·63-3·52, p=0·370) |
HFNC – High flow nasal cannulae, NIV – Noninvasive ventilation, MRC – Medical Research Council. Model metrics: For persistent symptoms - Number in model = 327, Number of groups = 32, AIC = 172·4, C-statistic = 0·683; For change in MRC dyspnoea level - Number in model = 291, Number of groups = 32, AIC = 383.1, C-statistic = 0.767; For change in fatigue - Number in model = 308, Number of groups = 32, Log likelihood = -724·13, REML criterion = 1448·3; For change in health state (EQ5D-5L) - Number in model = 311, Number of groups = 32, Log likelihood = 80·55, REML criterion = -161⋅1; For change in Washington short set disability - Number in model = 320, Number of groups = 31, AIC = 355·1, C-statistic = 0·74.