Table 2.
T cells number and PD-1 expression of patients with COVID-19 and healthy subjects.
| Target | G1 mean ± SD (N = 50) | G2 mean ± SD (N = 50) | G3 mean ± SD (N = 50) | P value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 vs 2 | 1 vs 3 | 2 vs 3 | ||||
| Flow Cytometery | ||||||
| Total Lymphocytes (cell/μl) | 1579 ± 530 | 981.1 ± 257.1 | 724.4 ± 258.1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CD4 + T Lymphocytes (cell/μl) | 928.4 ± 299 | 431.3 ± 134.4 | 301.2 ± 87.21 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CD8 + T Lymphocytes (cell/μl) | 500.3 ± 175.3 | 268.2 ± 75.97 | 149 ± 76.84 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| PD-1+ CD4 + T Lymphocytes (%) | 18.35 ± 6.840 | 29.47 ± 8.595 | 34.66 ± 8.584 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0096 |
| PD-1+ CD8 + T Lymphocytes (%) | 28.19 ± 11.11 | 38.34 ± 15.38 | 57.02 ± 15.96 | 0.0008 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| ELISA | ||||||
| IL-2R (U/mL) | 500.5 ± 158.9 | 622.0 ± 161.8 | 879.6 ± 213.6 | 0.0008 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 37.59 ± 16.34 | 52.60 ± 25.14 | 70.80 ± 30.43 | 0.0020 | <0.0001 | 0.0046 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 80.84 ± 45.29 | 107.2 ± 37.46 | 139.8 ± 54.04 | 0.0061 | <0.0001 | 0.0022 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard devision. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. G1: Healthy Controls; G2: Patients with mild symptoms; G3: Patients with severe symptoms; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, PD-1: programed cell death protein 1.