Table 2.
Risk of CKD according to whether the individual or at least 1 of his/her siblings had LBW, SGA, or preterm birth. Norway, 1967 to 2016
| Subject | Sibling | N (total) | n (CKD) | Unadjusted model |
Adjusted modela |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P value | OR | P value | ||||
| Not LBW | Not LBW | 1,480,658 | 2413 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| LBW | 181,119 | 388 | 1.31 (1.18–1.46) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.19–1.49) | <0.001 | |
| LBW | Not LBW | 111,061 | 326 | 1.80 (1.60–2.02) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.55–1.95) | <0.001 |
| LBW | 71,391 | 209 | 1.80 (1.56–2.08) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.54–2.04) | <0.001 | |
| Not SGA | Not SGA | 1,425,817 | 2337 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| SGA | 160,734 | 323 | 1.23 (1.10–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | <0.001 | |
| SGA | Not SGA | 109,379 | 320 | 1.79 (1.59–2.00) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.55–1.95) | <0.001 |
| SGA | 62,188 | 207 | 2.03 (1.76–2.34) | <0.001 | 2.03 (1.76–2.34) | <0.001 | |
| Not preterm birth | Not preterm birth | 1,665,238 | 2926 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Preterm birth | 102,736 | 219 | 1.21 (1.06–1.39) | 0.006 | 1.23 (1.07–1.41) | 0.003 | |
| Preterm birth | Not preterm birth | 60,597 | 161 | 1.51 (1.29–1.77) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.27–1.69) | <0.001 |
| Preterm birth | 17,494 | 40 | 1.30 (0.95–1.78) | 0.098 | 1.24 (0.91–1.70) | 0.2 | |
| Not LBW 2.5 kg | Not LBW 2.5 kg | 1,684,907 | 2938 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| LBW 2.5 kg | 108,507 | 232 | 1.23 (1.07–1.40) | 0.003 | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 0.002 | |
| LBW 2.5 kg | Not LBW 2.5 kg | 40,928 | 149 | 2.09 (1.77–2.46) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.80–2.45) | <0.001 |
| LBW 2.5 kg | 11,723 | 27 | 1.32 (0.90–1.93) | 0.151 | 1.30 (0.90–1.91) | 0.166 | |
| Not LBW, SGA, or preterm birth | Not LBW, SGA, or preterm birth | 1,319,347 | 2088 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| LBW, SGA, or preterm birth | 252,227 | 492 | 1.23 (1.17–1.36) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.08–1.33) | 0.001 | |
| LBW, SGA, or preterm birth | Not LBW, SGA, or preterm birth | 154,815 | 407 | 1.66 (1.50–1.85) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.50–1.88) | <0.001 |
| LBW, SGA, or preterm birth | 119,676 | 359 | 1.90 (1.70–2.12) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.50–1.90) | <0.001 | |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference; SGA, small for gestational age.
a
Adjusted for gender, maternal disease (defined as maternal diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, rheumatic disease, or essential hypertension diagnosed before pregnancy), and number of recorded siblings categorized as 1, 2, or greater than or equal to 3.