Table 3.

Risk of CKD according to number of risk markers in the individuals (LBW, SGA, or preterm birth) and siblings

Siblings	No. of risk markers	Total, N	Unadjusted model		Adjusted modela		Cohort born before 1990 Adjusted modela
			OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value	Total, N	aOR (95% CI)	P value
No sibling with LBW, SGA, or preterm birth	0	1,257,320	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		628,773	1.0 (ref)
	1	74,756	1.35 (1.15–1.60)	<0.001	1.31 (1.14–1.54)	<0.001	42,229	1.21 (1.02–1.45)	0.029
	2	71,081	1.90 (1.63–2.20)	<0.001	1.81 (1.56–2.10)	<0.001	38,154	1.70 (1.45–2.00)	<0.001
	3	4176	2.59 (1.60–4.20)	<0.001	2.41(1.50–4.00)	0.001	1765	3.00 (1.72–4.94)	<0.001
At least 1 sibling with LBW, SGA, or preterm birth	0	237,385	1.24 (1.17–1.38)	<0.001	1.26 (1.14–1.40)	<0.001	129,396	1.18 (1.05–1.32)	<0.003
	1	41,761	1.83 (1.52–2.20)	<0.001	1.81 (1.50–2.16)	<0.001	24,427	1.60 (1.31–1.96)	<0.001
	2	67,277	1.92 (1.66–2.23)	<0.001	1.90 (1.64–2.20)	<0.001	38,228	1.82 (1.56–2.12)	<0.001
	3	5703	2.80 (1.90–4.14)	<0.001	2.62 (1.76–3.90)	<0.001	2600	2.91 (1.87–4.52)	<0.001

aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LBW, low birth weight; No., number; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference; SGA, small for gestational age.

^aAdjusted for gender, maternal disease (defined as maternal diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, rheumatic disease, or essential hypertension diagnosed before pregnancy), and number of recorded siblings categorized as 1, 2, or greater than or equal to 3.