Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 35 patients
| Age, years | 67 ± 14 |
| Male, n (%) | 25 (71) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 14 (40) |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 10 (29) |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 4 (11) |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 5 (14) |
| Congenital heart disease, n (%) | 2 (6) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (46) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 17 (49) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (40) |
| Arterial fibrillation, n (%) | 12 (34) |
| NYHA functional class | |
| I, n (%) | 10 (29) |
| II, n (%) | 19 (54) |
| III, n (%) | 6 (17) |
| Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 427 ± 422 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 45 ± 19 |
| Medication | |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 27 (77) |
| ACE-I or ARB, n (%) | 22 (63) |
| Spironolactone, n (%) | 16 (46) |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 28 (80) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Body height, cm | 161 ± 9 |
| Body weight, kg | 56 ± 14 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22 ± 4 |
| Skeletal muscle mass index, kg/m2 | 6.38 ± 1.25 |
| Fat mass index, kg/m2 | 2.17 ± 1.05 |
| Bone mineral density, kg/m2 | 0.38 ± 0.07 |
| Hand grip strength, kg | 29 ± 11 |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker. Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%).