Table 6.
The association between socio-demographic variables and PTSD (n = 343), n (%).
| Variable | n | No evident | A little symptom | Moderate symptom | Quite a bit of symptom | Extreme symptom | Chi-square statistics (df) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | 26.131 (16) | 0.052 | ||||||
| ≤30 | 115 | 3 (2.6) | 52 (45.2) | 41 (35.7) | 17 (14.8) | 2 (1.7) | ||
| 31-40 | 120 | 0 (0) | 47 (39.1) | 53 (44.2) | 16 (13.3) | 4 (3.4) | ||
| 41-50 | 62 | 4 (6.5) | 27 (43.5) | 17 (27.4) | 13 (21.0) | 1 (1.6) | ||
| 51-60 | 34 | 2 (5.9) | 16 (47.1) | 9 (26.5) | 6 (17.6) | 1 (2.9) | ||
| ≥ 61 | 12 | 2 (16.7) | 8 (66.6) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Gender | 1.037 (4) | 0.904 | ||||||
| Male | 85 | 4 (4.7) | 38 (44.7) | 28 (32.9) | 13 (15.3) | 2 (2.4) | ||
| Female | 258 | 7 (2.7) | 112 (43.4) | 94 (36.4) | 39 (15.1) | 6 (2.4) | ||
| Ethnic group | 20.567 (12) | 0.057 | ||||||
| Malay | 190 | 5 (207) | 76 (40) | 78 (41) | 27 (14.2) | 4 (2.1) | ||
| Chinese | 90 | 4 (4.5) | 43 (47.8) | 26 (28.9) | 13 (14.3) | 4 (4.5) | ||
| Indian | 52 | 0 (0) | 27 (51.9) | 14 (26.9) | 11 (21.2) | 0 (0) | ||
| Others | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 4 (36.4) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Marital status | 10.990 (4) | 0.027 | ||||||
| Married | 258 | 6 (2.3) | 110 (42.6) | 98 (38) | 41 (15.9) | 3 (1.2) | ||
| Single | 85 | 5 (5.9) | 40 (47.0) | 24 (28.2) | 11 (13.0) | 5 (5.9) | ||
| Current job position | 42.221 (12) | 0.000 | ||||||
| Medical officer | 64 | 7 (11.0) | 27 (42.2) | 13 (20.3) | 13 (20.3) | 4 (6.2) | ||
| Specialist | 59 | 0 (0) | 33 (55.9) | 17 (28.8) | 9 (15.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Nurse | 121 | 4 (3.3) | 55 (45.5) | 51 (42.1) | 9 (7.4) | 2 (1.7) | ||
| Nurse with post-basic | 99 | 0 (0) | 35 (35.4) | 41 (41.4) | 21 (21.2) | 2 (2.0) | ||
| Length of being disaster relief volunteer (years) | 32.259 (12) | 0.001 | ||||||
| ≤ 1 | 80 | 2 (3.0) | 44 (55.0) | 25 (31.2) | 8 (10.0) | 1 (1.3) | ||
| 2-5 | 190 | 3 (1.6) | 75 (39.5) | 76 (40.0) | 32 (16.8) | 4 (2.1) | ||
| 6-9 | 49 | 2 (4.1) | 18 (36.7) | 18 (36.7) | 10 (20.4) | 1 (1.1) | ||
| ≥ 10 | 24 | 4 (16.7) | 13 (54.2) | 3 (12.5) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (8.3) | ||
| Formal course on disaster management | 7.652 (4) | 0.105 | ||||||
| Yes | 145 | 2 (1.4) | 72 (49.7) | 48 (33.1) | 18 (12.4) | 5 (3.4) | ||
| No | 198 | 9 (4.5) | 78 (39.4) | 74 (37.4) | 34 (17.3) | 3 (1.4) | ||
| Attended debriefing session in disaster relief work | 2.403 (4) | 0.662 | ||||||
| Yes | 209 | 6 (2.9) | 94 (45.0) | 77 (36.8) | 27 (12.9) | 5 (2.4) | ||
| No | 134 | 5 (3.7) | 56 (41.8) | 45 (33.6) | 25 (18.7) | 3 (2.2) | ||
| if yes, indicate the time of the debriefing (n = 209) | 17.320 (8) | 0.027 | ||||||
| During trip | 53 | 2 (3.8) | 26 (49.0) | 18 (34.0) | 7 (13.2) | 0 | ||
| Post trip | 98 | 4 (4.1) | 33 (33.7) | 40 (40.8) | 16 (16.1) | 5 (5.1) | ||
| Both | 58 | 0 (0) | 35 (60.3) | 19 (32.7) | 4 (7.0) | 0 | ||
| Frequency of involvement in disaster relief work | 96.627 (12) | 0.000 | ||||||
| 1 time | 179 | 5 (2.8) | 83 (46.4) | 55 (30.7) | 32 (17.9) | 4 (2.2) | ||
| 2–5 times | 153 | 2 (1.4) | 62 (40.5) | 67 (43.8) | 18 (11.8) | 4 (2.6) | ||
| 6–9 times | 6 | 4 (66.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| ≥10 times | 5 | 0 (0) | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder.