Recovery of microbiome and solutes after discontinuation of Vancomycin. (a) Alpha diversity in 3 subjects (12 samples). Change in operational taxonomic units (OTU) numbers and Shannon index after discontinuation of Vancomycin. (b) Beta diversity in 3 subjects (12 samples). Constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) of stool microbiomes. The model included effects for Treatment, Subject, and Subject by Treatment Interactions. (c) Solutes recovery data in each of the 5 individuals (41 samples). Data shown for weeks 12, the last week of vancomycin administration and for weeks 16, 20, and 24 thereafter.