Table 2.

Summary of statistical analysis of changes in solute concentrations

Solute	Vancomycin effecta	Change in level ,Week 0–4 (μM/ml)
		Placebo		Vancomycin
		Change	Pb	Change	Pb
Phenyl acetyl Glutamine	<0.001	16.41	0.683	–88.57	0.002
Kynurenine	0.016	0.15	0.668	–0.67	0.008
p-cresyl sulphate	<0.001	0.64	0.98	–73.51	0.010
p-cresyl glucuronide	<0.001	1.83	0.792	–12.88	0.011
Hippuric acid	<0.001	72.73	0.406	–147.23	0.019
Indoxyl sulphate	<0.001	9.71	0.558	–25.31	0.033
TMAO	<0.001	12.38	0.498	–27.27	0.037
Indole-3-acetic acid	0.093	1.06	0.699	4.00	0.041
CMPF	0.803	1.72	0.651	4.34	0.113
Phenyl sulphate	0.066	2.88	0.869	18.29	0.136
Phenylalanine	0.064	10.07	0.387	–9.29	0.259
Tyrosine	0.339	8.01	0.363	–4.73	0.447
Kynurenic acid	0.204	0.22	0.302	–0.08	0.593
Phenyl glucuronide	0.452	0.19	0.852	0.36	0.627
Tryptophan	0.865	2.89	0.410	1.12	0.651

CMPF: 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.

Rows are sorted by P values for change in vancomycin level (μM/ml) between 0 and 4 weeks. Solutes showing a significant decline in concentration with vancomycin are highlighted in green. The changes are estimated model means from the mixed polynomial models depicted in Figure 1.

^aLikelihood ratio test of mixed models (subjects as random variable) with fixed cubic polynomial terms compared with a similar model incorporating additive and interactive treatment effect terms. Shaded area shows solutes for which this comparison was statistically significant.

^bTukey honest significant difference post hoc comparisons based on mixed model.