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. 2021 Aug 6;16:72. doi: 10.1186/s13020-021-00481-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The effects of LJF on biofilm formation, motility, virulence factors and AHL production. a The dose–response curves of antibiofilm effects of LJF, Cremastrae Pseudobulbus and Forsythiae Fructus. b Growth curves of bacterial growth at different sub-MICs of LJF. c, d Swimming and swarming motility related to biofilm adhesion. e–h The virulence factors related to pathogenicity (pyocyanin, alginate, elastase and rhamnolipid). i Anti-endotoxin effects. j, k Product ion mass spectrometry of C₄-HSL and 3-oxo-C₁₂-HSL(1st line), culture medium (2nd line), culture medium + C₄-HSL/3-oxo-C₁₂-HSL (3rd line) and culture supernatants of PA treated with LJF (1/16MIC, 1/4MIC and MIC) for 72 h by LC–MS/MS analysis. l. Statistics analysis of C₄-HSL and 3-oxo-C₁₂-HSL level. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, compared with corresponding control