Figure 9.

Working model of YAP's functions in protection the optic nerve and retina through TGF-β signaling in an EAE model. YAP signaling is activated in optic nerve astrocytes of EAE mice. Activation of YAP signaling promotes the proliferation of astrocytes, and upregulates TGF-β signaling to prevent the neuroinflammation in optic nerve and retina of EAE mice, which further inhibits the demyelination of optic nerve and the loss of RGCs in retina. XMU-MP-1 is an inhibitor of Hippo kinase MST1/2 to activate YAP signaling. SRI-011381 is an agonist of TGF-β signaling.