Table 2 –

“Hidden” ingredients that may be non-human mammal-derived; alpha-gal content has not been established.

Ingredient name	Notes
Arachidonic acid	Generally isolated from animal liver and found in pet food, skin creams, and lotions.
Arachidyl proprionate	Wax that can be made from animal fat
Biotin	Ubiquitous in every living cell but can be found in high amounts in milk
Carrageenan	Linear sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds; contains alpha gal but amount and risk not clear
Castoreum	Used in some perfumes; derived from beaver’s castor sack
Glycerin	Often made from animal fat; can be plant or fish-derived
Lanolin	A product of the oil glands of sheep, extracted from their wool. Often applied as a lotion, in cosmetics or in medications.
Latex	May contain casein (see milk derivates)
Milk proteins	Labels may not indicate dairy but assess for these ingredients: biotin, casein, caseinate, sodium caseinate, whey
Myristic acid	Typically derived from nut oils (safe); occasionally of animal origin
Oleic acid	Usually obtained from inedible beef fat but can be vegetable-derived; verify with manufacturer.
Stearic acid	Also seen as magnesium stearate. When animal-derived, a fat from cows, pigs, sheep, etc. May also be of plant origin, including from cocoa butter and shea butter; verify with manufacturer.