Table 2. Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Participants.

	Group1 ( n=19 )			Group4 ( n=19 )			Group3 ( n=18 )			Group4 ( n=20 )
	Baseline	Weeks 12	P *	Baseline	Weeks 12	P *	P-value **	Baseline	Weeks 12	P *	P-value**	Baseline	Weeks 12	P *	P-value**
BMI (kg/m 2 )	31.23±4.50	30.05±4.79	0.001	31.01±4.81	29.65± 5.19	0.001	0.660	32.07±4.86	30.47± 4.57	0.001	0.335	31.71± 5.09	29.44± 4.89	0.001	0.012
BF (kg)	30.75± 6.87	28.38±7.09	0.001	29.91±7.47	27.68± 7.77	0.001	0.862	332.67±8.72	29.73± 7.96	0.001	0.499	30.41± 8.48	26.76± 8.48	0.001	0.115
WHR (cm)	0.98 ± 0.06	0.96 ± 0.05	0.036	0.99 ± 0.06	0.97 ± 0.05	0.001	0.285	1.02± 0.07	0.99 ± 0.05	0.001	0.049	1.00± 0.05	0.98 ± 0.05	0.001	0.059
FBS (mg/dl)	95.10± 8.19	93.26± 9.06	0.298	98.27±10.75	93.38±22.34	0.281	0.474	95.04±5.41	90.11± 7.59	0.034	0.496	98.60±11.13	95.05± 9.58	0.162	0.694
Insulin (pmol/l)	10.93± 5.91	9.41 ± 5.96	0.945	10.96± 4.45	7.91 ± 3.47	0.003	0.340	11.35± .86	6.57 ± 3.71	0.001	0.060	10.02± 6.23	7.14 ± 3.46	0.008	0.406
HOMA-IR	2.54 ± 1.34	2.19 ± 1.46	0.147	2.54 ± 1.34	2.19 ± 1.46	0.147	0.234	2.65± 1.35	1.45 ± 0.85	0.003	0.045	2.51± 1.73	1.72 ± 0.95	0.008	0.265
HOMA-β	134.23±87.19	117.81±76.28	0.107	126.58±91.66	81.71±59.57	0.006	0.190	138.81±80.06	96.43±64.52	0.019	0.364	101.87±56.61	80.51±33.40	0.167	0.823
QUICKI	0.34 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.09	0.159	0.33 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.06	0.004	0.774	0.34 ± 0.04	0.41 ± 0.16	0.001	0.160	0.35± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.04	0.009	0.677
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	167.31±26.21	160.63±25.53	0.266	181.81±26.53	177.09±25.84	0.225	0.787	190.41±33.72	176.41±36.36	0.018	0.347	202.15±37.74	183.00±35.53	0.005	0.097
TG (mg/dl)	119.26±48.44	102.94±38.54	0.133	128.40±63.52	103.95±40.44	0.035	0.591	117.11±53.03	123.47±60.89	0.514	0.162	150.50±85.11	113.80±57.49	0.007	0.190
LDL-C (mg/dl)	109.57±20.95	103.94±25.65	0.292	120.95±23.76	119.27±23.94	0.647	0.173	127.13±30.60	112.88±34.64	0.013	0.956	134.35±32.13	122.80±33.74	0.026	0.152
HDL-C (mg/dl)	42.57±11.23	39.21± 7.88	0.629	43.05± 8.35	41.95±9.75	0.404	0.502	50.87±17.63	45.35±7.38	0.083	0.551	45.45±9.08	44.50± 6.92	0.353	0.485
LDL-C / HDL-C	2.69 ± 0.70	2.75 ± 0.89	0.728	2.89 ± 0.72	2.95 ± 0.82	0.663	0.983	2.77±1.17	2.56±0.97	0.025	0.181	3.06 ± 0.98	2.83± 0.98	0.030	0.134
AST (U/L)	18.68± 4.61	21.73±18.07	0.716	20.31± 7.08	17.13±4.52	0.015	0.034	23.15±11.82	16.64±3.84	0.092	0.071	20.31± 7.08	17.85±9.29	0.001	0.006
ALT (U/L)	22.63±10.24	25.31±25.28	0.864	21.09± 8.87	25.00±11.14	0.008	0.069	23.47±10.90	18.58±5.93	0.068	0.050	23.10±10.22	16.15±7.49	0.001	0.010

test vs. baseline, ^** Obtained from One-Way ANOVA testvs. group1; BMI: Body mass index;BF: Body fat; WHR: Weight to hip rate; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-β: Homeostatic model assessment-beta-cell function; QUICKI: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; TG: Triglycerides; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.