Table 1.
Sample Demographics and Confounding Factors by Groups, Means (SD)
| Group | Pooled | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TM_24 (n = 15) | TM_40 (n = 15) | Control (n = 15) | P value | Returned (n = 31) | Not returned (n = 14) | P value | |
| Age, y | 76.8 (6.1) | 72.9 (6.7) | 73.9 (7.7) | .30 | 74.5 (6.9) | 75 (5.4) | .77 |
| Height, m | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | .75 | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | .06 |
| Weight, kg | 64.3 (10.7) | 68.1 (12.0) | 71.0 (13.5) | .30 | 68.1 (12.0) | 70.3 (9.3) | .40 |
| MMSE | 27.8 (1.8) | 28.6 (1.7) | 27.3 (1.8) | .14 | 27.8 (1.9) | 27.8 (2.0) | .97 |
| ABC | 92.0 (8.7) | 89.5 (8.7) | 92.0 (7.0) | .63 | 90.6 (7.9) | 92.3 (7.8) | .52 |
| Fall hx/y,a % | 38 | 38 | 43 | .96 | 40 | 25 | .20 |
| BBS | 64.3 (10.7) | 68.1 (12.0) | 71.0 (13.5) | .30 | 55.3 (1.3) | 54.5 (2.2) | .22 |
| TUG, s | 7.2 (1.5) | 9.4 (1.9) | 7.9 (1.8) | .01 | 8.1 (1.9) | 8.2 (2.0) | .92 |
| Walking speed on TM, m/s | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.2) | .96 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | .09 |
Abbreviations: ABC, activities-specific balance confidence scale; BBS, Berg Balance Scores; hx, history; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TM, treadmill; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; TM_24, the treadmill training group with 24 slip perturbations; TM_40, the treadmill training group with 40 slip perturbations.
a
Number of falls within past year.