Table 3.
Characteristics of patients who benefit from transportation to a Level-1 trauma centers, based on predicted absolute benefit from the regression model with interaction terms. Harm was defined as more than 1% absolute harm, while benefit was defined as more than 1% absolute benefit
| Harm | No benefit/harm | Benefit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 4525 | 361,092 | 27,753 |
| Age (median [IQR]) | 79 [71, 85] | 53 [33, 69] | 53 [32, 71] |
| Male (%) | 2717 (60.0) | 232,812 (64.5) | 20,117 (72.5) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index > 1 (%) | 3917 (86.6) | 29,518 (8.2) | 1042 (3.8) |
| ISS (median [IQR]) | 10 [5, 16] | 10 [5, 16] | 27 [25, 35] |
| ISS > 15 (%) | 1308 (28.9) | 94,683 (26.2) | 26,522 (95.6) |
| AIS Head > 3 (%) | 701 (15.5) | 30,755 (8.5) | 20,191 (72.8) |
| AIS Thorax > 3 (%) | 108 (2.4) | 10,775 (3.0) | 4163 (15.0) |
| AIS Face > 3 (%) | 5 (0.1) | 224 (0.1) | 220 (0.8) |
| AIS Abdomen > 3 (%) | 41 (0.9) | 7668 (2.1) | 2606 (9.4) |
| AIS Spine > 3 (%) | 156 (3.4) | 5718 (1.6) | 926 (3.3) |
| AIS Extremity > 3 (%) | 32 (0.7) | 3041 (0.8) | 969 (3.5) |
| AIS Other > 3 (%) | 30 (0.7) | 734 (0.2) | 66 (0.2) |
| Prehospital features | |||
| Oxygen saturation (median [IQR]) | 96 [93, 98] | 98 [95, 99] | 96 [90, 98] |
| Respiration Rate (median [IQR]) | 18 [16, 20] | 18 [16, 20] | 16 [12, 20] |
| Pulse (median [IQR]) | 85 [73, 100] | 89 [77, 102] | 90 [74, 110] |
| SBP (median [IQR]) | 162 [138, 189] | 138 [121, 156] | 121 [96, 141] |
| SBP < 90 (%) | 48 (1.1) | 11,487 (3.2) | 5258 (18.9) |
| GCS (median [IQR]) | 15 [13, 15] | 15 [15, 15] | 6 [3, 13] |
| GCS < 8 (%) | 667 (14.7) | 12,774 (3.5) | 17,428 (62.8) |
| Intubated (%) | 311 (6.9) | 12,316 (3.4) | 3945 (14.2) |
| Travel time to first hospital (median [IQR]) | 52 [39, 76] | 49 [35, 71] | 48 [32, 76] |
| Outcome measures | |||
| Transferred from other hospital (%) | 1770 (39.1) | 116,755 (32.3) | 8708 (31.4) |
| Level trauma center (%) | |||
| 1 | 2414 (53.3) | 208,901 (57.9) | 17,739 (63.9) |
| 2 | 1747 (38.6) | 128,501 (35.6) | 8897 (32.1) |
| 3 | 364 (8.0) | 23,690 (6.6) | 1117 (4.0) |
| Length of stay (median [IQR]) | 5 [3, 9] | 4 [2, 7] | 8 [2, 19] |
| In-hospital mortality (%) | 1018 (22.5) | 11,992 (3.3) | 10,759 (38.8) |