Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants
| Variable | Patients with severe DR, N = 117 | Patients without DR, N = 117 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Gender, N (%) | 0.011 | ||
| Male | 57 (48.72) | 38 (32.48) | |
| Female | 60 (51.28) | 79 (67.52) | |
| Age, y mean (SD) | 38.8 (11.68) | 34.56 (12.32) | 0.007 |
| Economic status, N (%) | 0.237 | ||
| High | 4 (3.42) | 7 (5.98) | |
| Medium | 52 (44.44) | 49 (41.88) | |
| Low | 52 (44.44) | 58 (49.57) | |
| Very low | 9 (7.69) | 3 (2.56) | |
| Years of schooling, y mean (SD) | 11.98 (3.99) | 12.50 (3.68) | 0.300 |
| Diabetes-related variables | |||
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 8.89 (1.87) | 8.40 (1.74) | 0.043 |
| HbA1c mmol/mol, mean (SD) | 73.64 (20.41) | 68.38 (19.01) | 0.043 |
| Duration of diabetes, y mean (SD) | 23.42 (9.28) | 22.18 (8.32) | 0.283 |
| GFR | 66.62 (24.35) | 83.04 (25.60) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension, y, N (%) | 50 (42.68) | 21 (17.95) | < 0.001 |
| Self-reported ethnicity, N (%) | 0.320 | ||
| Caucasian | 62 (52.99) | 65 (55.55) | |
| Black | 15 (12.82) | 9 (7.69) | |
| Mullatos | 36 (30.77) | 41 (35.04) | |
| Native Americans | 4 (3.42) | 1 (0.85) | |
| Asian | 0 | 1 (0.85) | |
Bold represents statistical significance (p < 0.05)
Data are present as number (percentage), mean ± SD (standard deviation), or median (IQR or range)
DR diabetic retinopathy; y years