Table 2. In Vitro Studies on Plants Used for Treatment of Vaginitis Mentioned in ‘‘the Canon of Medicine’’ .

Plant	Part/extraction	Result	Attributable active constituent	References
Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.)Link	Root/ Methanol (50%) extracts	Oxidative DNA damage preventive and antioxidant activity	Phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid	[9]
Cymbopogon citratus	Crude extracts	Antimicrobial effects(against acne-inducing bacteria)	-	[14]
Iris germanica L.	Rhizomes/methanolic extracts Aerial parts and rhizomes /ethanolic extracts	Antioxidant activity, alfa –amylase inhibition Antimicrobial(against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633.), antioxidant, antimutagenic activities	Isoflavonoids Phenolic compounds	[23] [24]
Marrubium vulgare L.	Leaves/methanol and acetone extracts Leaves/ hydroalcoholic extracts	Antioxidant activity Antioxidant and wound healing properties	Flavonoids and phenylethanoid derivatives Flavonoids and phenolic compounds	[31] [32]
Myrtus communis L.	Aerial parts/ aqueous and methanolic extract Leaves/myrtucommulone -containing extracts of myrtle	Antioxidant and antigenotoxic Inhibits microsomal prostaglandin PGE2 synthase-1	Myricetin-3-o-galactoside and the myricetin-3o-rhamnoside Myrtucommulone	[35] [37]
Piper nigrum L.	-	Suppresses Pyroptosis and Interleukin-1b Release upon ATP Triggering and Bacterial Infection/inhibited the production of E2 and NO induced by IL-1β	Piperine	[34, 45]
Punica granatum L.	Peels/ Ethyl acetate, acetone, MeOH, and water extracts	Radical-scavenging effect & anti-bacterial activity	Phenolic compounds	[54]
Qerqusinfectoria Olive.	Barks/ the MeOH, water extracts Acorns/ethyl acetate extract	High antioxidant, antiproliferative activities Moderate anti-inflammatory activities	Phenolic compounds Oleanolic triterpenes	[61] [62]

PGE2: Prostaglandin E2, IL-1β: Interlukine-1β, NO: Nitric oxide, MeOH: Methanol