Table 3. In Vivo Studies on Plants Used for Treatment of Vaginitis Mentioned in ‘‘the Canon of Medicine’’ .

Plant	Part used/solvent used for extraction	Method	Animal	Result	Active constituent	References
Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.)Link	Root/ Aqueous, ethanol, Chloroform extracts Root/aqueous & methanol extracts	Subplantar edema induced by carrageenan in rats/ ear edema induced by arachidonic acid in mice Acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, formalin tests, the mechanical allodynia were assessed in CFA-induced paw edema	Mice/rat Male mice	Anti-inflammatory activity Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant effects	_ Alkaloids, Phenols	[11] [12]
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.	Essential oils	Intraperitoneal injection of casein in mice	Female mice	Suppression of neutrophil Recruitment(anti-inflammatory activity)	Citral	[18]
Marrubium vulgare L.	Methanolic extract	Carrageenan-induced paw edema	Male Wistar rats	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects	Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids	[33]
Myrtus communis L.	Aerial parts/aqueous and ethanolic extracts Leaves /Ethanol extract	Hotplate , writing tests, xylene-induced ear edema, a cotton pellet tes Acetic acid-induced colonic inflammation	Mice Rat	Antinociceptive, Anti-inflammatory effects Alleviate colitis	Tannins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds	[39] [40]
Piper nigrum L.	Ethanol extracts - Ethanol extracts	Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model Acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis Tail immersion method, analgesia-meter, hot plate, writing tests/ carrageenan-induced paw edema	Mice Mice Rats	Ameliorated allergic inflammation Amelioration of ulcerative colitis Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory activities	- Piperine Piperine	[47] [48] [46]
Qerqus infectoria Olive.	Galls/ Water extract Galls /Alcoholic extract	Three different doses were administered via enema (for the acute toxicity study) Carrageenan, histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced pawoedemas	Mice Male Wistar rats, male Swiss albino mice	Galls is unlikely to have significant toxicity Anti-inflammatory activity	- -	[64] [68]

PGE2: Prostaglandin E2