Table 1.
Default utility values and costs*
| Parameter | Year of the event | Years 2+ | Reference |
| Default utility values | |||
| Baseline and if no events occur | 0.862 | 0.862 | Sakamaki et al21 |
| Coronary heart disease | –0.064 | –0.064 | Shiroiwa et al22 |
| Stroke | –0.129 | –0.129 | Takahara et al26 |
| Amputation | –0.216 | –0.216 | Takahara et al26 |
| Retinopathy | –0.054 | –0.054 | Shiroiwa et al22 |
| Overt nephropathy | –0.026 | –0.026 | Takahara et al26 |
| End-stage renal disease | –0.065 | –0.065 | Takahara et al26 |
| Hemodialysis | –0.065 | –0.065 | Takahara et al26 |
| Hypoglycemia—non-severe | –0.005 | – | Evans et al24 |
| Hypoglycemia—severe | –0.039 | – | Takahara et al26 |
| BMI (each unit over 25 kg/m2) | –0.0061 | –0.0061 | Bagust and Beale25 |
| Default costs (inflated to 2019 values†) | |||
| Baseline and if no events occur | ¥76 363 | ¥76 363 | Saito et al18 |
| Coronary heart disease | ¥2 232 727 | ¥254 618 | Onishi et al27 |
| Stroke | ¥3 516 727 | ¥109 391 | Fukuda et al28 |
| Amputation | ¥941 617 | ¥76 363 | Davis et al29/Saito et al18 |
| Retinopathy | ¥379 887 | ¥76 363 | Yanagi et al30/Saito et al18 |
| Overt nephropathy | ¥85 214 | ¥85 214 | Saito et al18 |
| End-stage renal disease | ¥104 289 | ¥104 289 | Saito et al18 |
| Hemodialysis | ¥5 954 466 | ¥5 954 466 | Saito et al18 |
| Severe hypoglycemic event | ¥19 661 | – | Mano31 |
*All utility and cost inputs in the JJCEM are fully editable by the user.
†Costs were inflated using the Japanese medical care consumer price index from 2019 and the corresponding year of the data source.
BMI, body mass index; JJCEM, Japan Diabetes Complications Study/Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial risk engine Cost-Effectiveness Model.