Table 2.
Deterministic results from the application of the model per average person modeled
| Parameter | Treatment | Placebo | Incremental |
| Younger population results | |||
| Outcomes | |||
| Overall survival, years | 25.86 | 23.30 | 2.56 |
| Percent alive at time horizon | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Discounted QALYs | 16.11 | 14.56 | 1.55 |
| Cumulative events within time horizon | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 47.1% | 61.1% | –14.0% |
| Stroke | 56.0% | 68.4% | –12.5% |
| Retinopathy | 55.0% | 59.2% | –4.2% |
| Overt nephropathy | 9.6% | 12.8% | –3.2% |
| ESRD | 8.0% | 11.3% | –3.4% |
| Hemodialysis | 6.1% | 9.0% | –2.8% |
| Amputation | 3.2% | 6.8% | –3.5% |
| Discounted costs, ¥ | |||
| Diabetes drug costs | |||
| Treatment | 3 571 265 | 0 | 3 571 265 |
| Diabetes management (no complications) | 1 494 315 | 1 374 302 | 120 013 |
| Complications | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 883 112 | 1 213 304 | –330 191 |
| Stroke | 1 059 957 | 1 397 376 | –337 419 |
| Retinopathy | 411 363 | 445 265 | –33 902 |
| Overt nephropathy | 19 254 | 25 221 | –5966 |
| ESRD | 15 360 | 19 483 | –4123 |
| Hemodialysis | 651 037 | 786 699 | –135 661 |
| Amputation | 18 194 | 39 060 | –20 866 |
| Total costs, ¥ | 8 123 857 | 5 300 708 | 2 823 149 |
| ICER | ¥1 825 163 per QALY | ||
| Older population results | |||
| Outcomes | |||
| Overall survival, years | 7.49 | 6.75 | 0.74 |
| Percent alive at time horizon | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Discounted QALYs | 5.50 | 4.88 | 0.62 |
| Cumulative events within time horizon | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 28.0% | 40.3% | –12.2% |
| Stroke | 53.1% | 68.0% | –14.8% |
| Retinopathy | 19.1% | 21.8% | –2.7% |
| Overt nephropathy | 89.8% | 95.6% | –5.8% |
| ESRD | 64.7% | 73.7% | –9.0% |
| Hemodialysis | 34.9% | 42.2% | –7.3% |
| Amputation | 0.9% | 2.0% | –1.2% |
| Discounted costs, ¥ | |||
| Diabetes drug costs | |||
| Treatment | 1 240 987 | 0 | 1 240 987 |
| Diabetes management (no complications) | 519 263 | 471 673 | 47 590 |
| Complications | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 355 302 | 511 481 | –156 179 |
| Stroke | 981 055 | 1 321 155 | –340 100 |
| Retinopathy | 85 798 | 96 838 | –11 040 |
| Overt nephropathy | 169 670 | 189 681 | –20 012 |
| ESRD | 72 510 | 77 280 | –4771 |
| Hemodialysis | 1 214 615 | 1 194 563 | 20 053 |
| Amputation | 3771 | 8473 | –4703 |
| Total costs, ¥ | 4 642 971 | 3 871 145 | 771 826 |
| ICER | ¥1 247 591 per QALY | ||
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.