Table 1.
Demographic, Background Illnesses, and Outcome Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19–Hospitalized Patients
| Characteristics | Mild—ER (Outpatients)n = 439 (Data, n = 233) | Overall Hospitalized n = 568 (Data, n = 460) | Mild Hospitalized n = 464 (Data, n = 356) | Moderate/Severe, Non-PIMSn = 48 (Data, n = 48) | PIMSn = 56 (Data, n = 56) | P Valuea,b,c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||||
| Range | 4 days–17.3 years | 1 day–17.9 years | 1 day–17.9 years | 3 months–17 years | 3 months–18 years | - |
| Mean ± SD (years) | 7.6 ± 6.4 | 5.6 ± 6.4 | 4.6 ± 6.3 | 8.0 ± 6.5 | 9.8 ± 4.5 | <.001a, <.001b, .12c |
| Median (years) | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 7.5 | 10.0 | - |
| <1 year, n (%) | 53 (23%) | 208 (45%) | 195 (55%) | 11 (23%) | 2 (4%) | <.001a, <.001b, .006c |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 118 (51%) | 249 (54%) | 186 (52%) | 35 (73%) | 28 (50%) | .008a, .78b, .03c |
| Female | 115 (49%) | 211 (46%) | 170 (48%) | 13 (27%) | 28 (50%) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Jewish | 171 (73%) | 314 (68%) | 251 (71%) | 28 (58%) | 35 (63%) | .10a, .27b, .69c |
| Muslim | 60 (26%) | 135 (29%) | 97 (27%) | 18 (38%) | 20 (36%) | .17a, .20b, 1.0c |
| Unknown/other | 2 (1%) | 11 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | .34a, 1.0b, .59c |
| Contacts, n (%) | ||||||
| Contact with COVID-19 patient | 135 (58%) | 193 (42%) | 159 (45%) | 13 (27%) | 21 (38%) | .03a, .38b, .30c |
| Travel abroad | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0 |
| Background illnesses, n (%) | ||||||
| Overalld | 34 (15%) | 139 (30%) | 107 (30%) | 21 (44%) | 11 (20%) | .07a, .12b, .01c |
| Neurologic | 8 (4%) | 44 (10%) | 37 (10%) | 7 (15%) | 0 (0%) | .46a, .005b, .004c |
| Congenital heart disease | 1 (0.5%) | 17 (4%) | 13 (4%) | 3 (6%) | 1 (2%) | .42a, .70b, .30c |
| Genetic | 3 (1%) | 17 (4%) | 10 (3%) | 7 (15%) | 0 (0%) | .002a, .37b, .04c |
| Chronic lung disease | 7 (3%) | 15 (3%) | 11 (3%) | 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) | .09a, .37b, .04c |
| Obesity | 2 (1%) | 11 (2%) | 2 (0.6%) | 2 (4%) | 7 (13%) | .07a, <.001b, .17c |
| Immunodeficiency | 8 (4%) | 12 (3%) | 8 (3%) | 4 (8%) | 0% (0) | .04a, .61b, .04c |
| Renal failure | 2 (1%) | 8 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | .59a, 1.0b, 1.0c |
| Hematologic | 1 (0.4%( | 9 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) | .59a, .30b, 1.0c |
| Prematurity | 3 (1%) | 12 (3%) | 8 (3%) | 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) | .04a, .61b, .04c |
| Malignancy | 1 (0.4%) | 7 (2%) | 5 (1%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | .20, 1.0b, .21c |
| Diabetes | 1 (0.4%) | 4 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | .40a, 1.0b, .46c |
| Outcome | ||||||
| Intensive care unit | 0 (0%) | 36 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (21%) | 26 (46%) | <.001a, <.001b, .007c |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0%) | 15 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (10%) | 10 (18%) | <.001a, <.001b, .40c |
| Mortality | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0 |
Abbreviations: ER, emergency rooms; PIMS, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome.
aMild vs moderate/severe; bmild vs PIMS; cmoderate/severe vs PIMS; dOverall background illnesses included all detailed diagnoses in the table (with a possibility of more than 1 background illness per child).