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. 2021 Jun 21:dyab108. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab108

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© The Author(s) 2021; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Aggregate estimates of effective and household reproduction numbers in Singapore based on contact-tracing data while varying the cut-off date (i.e. the date after which source infections are ignored). Household transmission appears to stay constant, with the intra-household reproduction number in the 0.2–0.3 range. The ratio of infections attributable to households decreases sharply at the end of March due to large outbreaks in migrant-worker dormitories. Even though their infections are not annotated as households, this suggests that cohabitation and proximity play a large role in transmission dynamics.