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. 2021 Jun 21:dyab108. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab108

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© The Author(s) 2021; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Estimated values of the reproduction number R pre and post lockdown in a subset of US states (top) and other countries (bottom). The growth rate was estimated from daily death statistics to avoid testing bias. This was translated into a reproduction number R via the generation time distribution;³ 95% confidence intervals are shown. R, reproduction number; US, United States of America.