Table 2.
Pre- and during-COVID means for alcohol and marijuana use motives with regression models estimating change over time.
| Variable | Pre-COVID Mean (SD) | During-COVID Mean (SD) | Effect of Time (b) | p | BH adjusted p | 95% Confidence Interval | % that Decreased | % that was Unchanged | % that Increased |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Use Motives (n = 505) | |||||||||
| Anxiety Coping Motives | 2.08 (0.85) | 1.99 (0.79) | −0.06 | .163 | .163 | [−0.15, 0.02] | 44.62% | 17.41% | 37.97% |
| Depression Coping Motives | 1.38 (0.68) | 1.48 (0.76) | 0.11 | .001 | .002 | [0.04, 0.18] | 24.45% | 37.30% | 38.24% |
| Social Motives | 2.76 (0.95) | 1.77 (0.82) | −0.97 | <.001 | <.001 | [−1.07, −0.87] | 86.60% | 4.42% | 9.78% |
| Enhancement Motives | 2.66 (0.99) | 2.42 (1.08) | −0.21 | <.001 | <.001 | [−0.30, −0.11] | 56.47% | 11.04% | 32.49% |
| Conformity Motives | 1.22 (0.49) | 1.15 (0.46) | −0.08 | .003 | .004 | [−0.13, −0.03] | 22.88% | 68.65% | 8.46% |
| Marijuana Use Motives (n = 265) | |||||||||
| Enjoyment Motives | 3.60 (1.23) | 3.62 (1.18) | 0.05 | .578 | .795 | [−0.13, 0.23] | 42.44% | 25.18% | 32.37% |
| Conformity Motives | 1.10 (0.31) | 1.08 (0.32) | −0.03 | .325 | .715 | [−0.08, 0.02] | 10.79% | 79.14% | 10.07% |
| Coping Motives | 1.57 (0.92) | 1.56 (0.82) | 0.02 | .801 | .801 | [−0.11, 0.14] | 22.96% | 51.11% | 25.93% |
| Experimentation Motives | 1.20 (0.55) | 1.17 (0.52) | −0.05 | .238 | .655 | [−0.14, 0.03] | 13.87% | 76.64% | 9.49% |
| Boredom Motives | 2.07 (1.10) | 2.42 (1.18) | 0.36 | <.001 | <.001 | [0.19, 0.54] | 27.14% | 26.43% | 46.43% |
| Alcohol-Related Motives | 1.28 (0.68) | 1.18 (0.41) | −0.10 | .033 | .121 | [−0.20, −0.01] | 15.01% | 74.82% | 10.07% |
| Celebration Motives | 1.81 (1.00) | 1.46 (0.73) | −0.38 | <.001 | <.001 | [−0.54, −0.21] | 44.20% | 31.88% | 23.91% |
| Altered Perceptions Motives | 2.24 (1.35) | 2.24 (1.26) | 0.02 | .790 | .801 | [−0.16, 0.20] | 29.50% | 34.53% | 35.97% |
| Perceived Low Risk Motives | 2.07 (1.27) | 2.02 (1.19) | −0.03 | .710 | .801 | [−0.18, 0.12] | 27.14% | 45.00% | 27.86% |
| Sleep Motives | 1.87 (1.13) | 1.84 (0.99) | −0.05 | .437 | .740 | [−0.27, 0.08] | 30.22% | 42.44% | 27.34% |
| Availability Motives | 2.08 (1.08) | 2.03 (0.99) | −0.05 | .471 | .740 | [−0.20, 0.09] | 32.37% | 37.41% | 30.22% |
Note: Participants who did not drink alcohol at both timepoints (n = 67) were excluded from the regression models on alcohol use motives as these participants were not asked to report their motives for behaviors they did not engage in. The same applies to marijuana use motives (n = 307). Covariates (not shown) included sex, age at Time 1, dummy codes for race/ethnicity, and college student status. BH = Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment for multiple comparisons. Significant effects following adjustment are shown in bold.