Table 2.
Univariable associations between potential risk factors and dementia in the total sample (n = 686) and stratified by age.
| Total sample | 60–74 years | ≥75 years | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI* | OR | 95% CI* | OR | 95% CI* | |
| Age | ||||||
| 60–74 years | 1 | |||||
| ≥75 years | 3.76 | 2.54–5.57 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.52 | 0.93–2.50 | 1.34 | 0.86–2.08 | 5.04 | 2.48–10.25 |
| Education | ||||||
| ≥7 years of education | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 0–6 years of education | 1.80 | 1.11–2.92 | 1.11 | 0.64–1.91 | 2.28 | 0.54–9.64 |
| Living area | ||||||
| Suburban | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Rural | 2.26 | 1.58–3.24 | 2.22 | 1.42–3.46 | 2.10 | 1.00–4.37 |
| Income | ||||||
| ≥Minimum wage | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| < Minimum wage | 1.24 | 0.65–2.36 | 2.13 | 1.07–4.23 | 1.39 | 0.39–4.93 |
| No income | 1.69 | 0.97–2.94 | 2.13 | 1.07–4.23 | 1.40 | 0.50–3.92 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Still married | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Single (never married/divorced) | 2.31 | 1.54–3.45 | 1.75 | 1.06–2.90 | 1.72 | 0.69–4.27 |
| Occupational class | ||||||
| Professional | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Not working | 2.43 | 1.33–4.45 | 2.87 | 1.33–6.21 | 1.01 | 0.28–3.66 |
| Laborer | 1.97 | 0.97–4.02 | 2.91 | 1.20–7.06 | 0.63 | 0.15–2.60 |
| Housewife | 1.57 | 0.68–3.64 | 2.15 | 0.69–6.67 | 1.41 | 0.20–9.86 |
| Hypertension | 1.26 | 0.88–1.79 | 1.08 | 0.71–1.67 | 1.38 | 0.66–2.91 |
| Stroke | 3.77 | 1.20–11.84 | 3.07 | 0.80–11.74 | 8.18 | 0.71–93.37 |
| Diabetes | 0.95 | 2.71–7.86 | 1.16 | 0.50–2.80 | 0.54 | 0.14–2.01 |
| Triglyceride > 200 mg/dl (n, %) | 0.81 | 0.33–2.02 | 0.67 | 0.25–1.86 | 1.93 | 0.10–35.88 |
| HDL <40 mg/dl (n, %) | 0.60 | 0.29–1.23 | 0.78 | 0.36–1.70 | 0.44 | 0.07–2.78 |
| BMI characteristics | ||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Underweight | 1.87 | 1.21–2.86 | 2.07 | 1.21–3.55 | 1.36 | 0.59–3.14 |
| Overweight | 0.33 | 0.17–0.63 | 0.46 | 0.23–0.93 | 0.20 | 0.03–1.11 |
| Obese | 0.46 | 0.15–1.40 | 0.54 | 0.15–1.94 | 1.04 | 0.05–20.38 |
| Smoking status | 1.30 | 0.66–2.54 | 1.01 | 0.46–2.20 | 5.17 | 0.62–43.86 |
| Depression | 2.53 | 1.25–5.11 | 3.75 | 1.63–8.66 | 1.09 | 0.33–3.61 |
| Leisure activities | ||||||
| Intellectually less active | 3.50 | 2.61–5.68 | 2.96 | 1.70–5.16 | 3.09 | 1.01–9.46 |
| Socially less active | 2.04 | 1.43–2.91 | 1.79 | 1.16–2.77 | 1.52 | 0.71–3.28 |
| Recreationally less active | 2.99 | 2.06–4.34 | 2.43 | 1.56–3.79 | 2.38 | 1.05–5.41 |
| Physically less active | 3.26 | 1.63–6.49 | 2.40 | 1.11–5.18 | 3.70 | 0.70–19.57 |
| Less active (total leisure activity) | 3.16 | 2.19–4.58 | 2.67 | 1.71–4.16 | 2.75 | 1.26–6.01 |
| Dietary intake | ||||||
| Non-frequent Carbohydrate intake | 1.32 | 0.92–1.90 | 1.55 | 0.98–2.45 | 0.81 | 0.38–1.71 |
| Non-frequent protein intake | 1.16 | 0.81–1.67 | 1.24 | 0.79–1.94 | 0.69 | 0.32–1.44 |
| Non-frequent fruit intake | 2.17 | 1.31–3.59 | 2.02 | 1.09–3.74 | 2.55 | 0.91–7.21 |
| Non-frequent vegetable intake | 1.02 | 0.70–1.47 | 0.99 | 0.62–1.57 | 1.03 | 0.50–2.16 |
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; BMI, body mass index.
*
Associations were adjusted for sex and education.