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. 2021 Feb 25;2:647134. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2021.647134

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Maternal administration of βGlcCer is sufficient to enhance offspring responses to allergen. (A) Mothers were sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline and then mated. Starting on GD10, mothers received daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of (B) βGlcCer mix 1 or mix 2 composed of βGlcCer 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 24:1 at the indicated amounts/pup in vehicle (PEG35, 20% ethanol). At postnatal day 3 (PND3), pups in all groups received one intraperitoneal (i.p) sensitization with OVA/alum. At PND10-12, pups in all groups received 3 challenges with OVA. For experiments with mom and pup analysis, tissues were collected on PND13. (C) Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocytes of postnatal day 13 OVA-challenged pups from saline (non-allergic) mothers that were non-treated or treated with vehicle or βGlcCer mix 1 or mix 2. Positive controls are pups from allergic mothers. (D) Pup serum anti-OVA IgE as determined by ELISA. (E) Pup BAL IL5, and (F) Pup BAL CCL24 were determined by ELISA. Tissue β-glucosyl ceramides (G–I) and β-galactosyl ceramides (Supplementary Figure 4) were separated by column chromatography and then analyzed by mass spectrometry. n = 8–10 mice per group for a representative experiment of two experiments. *p < 0.05 compared to saline or vehicle group, crimson red highlighted chain lengths are above the panels.