Antitumor activity against orthotopic xenografts. Detection of orthotopic lung cancer using bioluminescent A549-Red-luc cells. (A) A1: image of live animals after 27 d of inoculation with 2 × 106 cells (3 mice/group). A2: Mean of bioluminescence signals. (B) Inhibition of A549 orthotopic lung tumors in NOD Scid female mice (n = 10) by i.v. paclitaxel (PAC), i.v. Abraxane, and p.o. ExoPAC and p.o. FA-ExoPAC (three doses weekly), all given at 6 mg/kg. FA-Exo was used as control for FA-ExoPAC. (C) Inhibition of A549 orthotopic lung tumors in NOD Scid female mice (n = 10) by i.v. PAC, Abraxane, FA-ExoPAC (once weekly) and p.o. ExoPAC and FA-ExoPAC (three doses weekly), all given at 4 mg/kg until three wks, then switched to 8 mg/kg, as indicated by an arrow in C2. Representative images of animals at different time points in the indicated treatment groups (C1) and time-dependent tumor inhibition (C2). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.