HIF-1α silencing under hypoxia decreases the NHEJ-c pathway after both irradiations. (a) Kinetics of P-DNA-PKcs foci after X-rays and C-ions ± siHIF-1α. The percentages of foci per nucleus were calculated for each condition considering the X-ray normoxic peak as the reference (means ± SD). (b) Effect of HIF-1α silencing under hypoxia on P-DNA-PKcs expression. The percentages between hypoxia ± siHIF-1α were statistically compared (Student’s t-Tests, Holm–Sidak method, α = 0.5) (n = 3 photons; n = 2 C-ions). (c,d) represent respectively the induction-rate of the P-DNA-PKcs peak from the basal levels, and its decay-rate from the peak to 6 h, as determined from the data shown in (a) (two-way ANOVA test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns: non-significant). (e) Residual foci were quantified at 24 h and each condition was compared to their respective normoxic condition (two-way ANOVA test) (n = 3 photons, n = 2 C-ions).