Figure 1.

Transport and interaction of cells and molecules in different compartments. On the left: QSP model: central compartment, tumor-draining lymph node compartment, peripheral compartment, and tumor compartment are included in the model. Mature antigen-presenting cells process tumor antigen collected in the tumor compartment and transport them through lymphatic vessels to the lymph node compartment to prime naïve cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and T regulatory cell (Treg). After clone expansion, these cells are trafficked through blood circulation (central compartment) and extravasate into the tumor microenvironment. On the right: spatio-temporal ABM module partially replaces the tumor compartment from the QSP model, capturing dynamics of different subtypes of cancer cells and T cells and their interactions with higher granularity and a spatial resolution. Spatio-temporal distribution of soluble cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ are described by PDEs. Details of these interactions are described in the method section.