Table 1.

Summary of the studies in ovarian cancer cell lines and mouse models reporting tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing activities mediated by complement components.

Component Type	Complement Component (s)	Role in Cancer	Experimental Setting	Cell Line(s)	In Vivo Model	Mechanism	Ref
Complement effectors and receptors	C1q	Anti-tumor	In vitro	SKOV3	-	Induction of apoptosis	[100]
	gC1qR	Anti-tumor	In vitro	C33a, SiHa	-	Induction of apoptosis	[101]
	gC1qR	Anti-tumor	In vitro	SKOV3, CAOV-3	-	Induction of apoptosis after paclitaxel treatment	[102]
	C3 and C5aR1	Pro-tumor	In vivo	-	Spontaneous model in C57BL/6 TgMISIIR-Tag mice	Inhibition of angiogenesis	[103]
	C3aR and C5aR1	Pro-tumor	In vivo	ID-8 VEGF	Syngenic model in C57BL/6 mice	Autocrine stimulation of tumor growth	[104]
	C3	Pro-tumor	In vivo	ID-8 VEGF	Syngenic model in C57BL/6 mice	Autocrine promotion of EMT	[105]
	C3 and C5aR1	Anti-tumor	In vivo	TC-1	Syngenic model in B6.SJL-PtprcaPep3b/BoyJ mice	Promotion of T-cell homing	[106]
	C5a	Anti-tumor Pro-tumor	In vivo	SKOV-3	Xenograft model in SCID mice	Dose-dependent effect on tumor growth	[107]
Complement regulators	CD59, CD46, FH, and FHL-1	Pro-tumor	In vitro	Caov-3, SK-OV-3, SW626, PA-1, HUV-EC-C	-	Functional complement activation and regulation occurs locally in ascites	[64]
	CD55	Pro-tumor	In vivo	SK-OV-3	Xenograft model in SCID* mice	Blockade of CD55 leads to improved efficacy of mAb therapy	[108]
	CD55	Pro-tumor	In vivo	A2780, TOV112, CP70, HEC1a	Xenograft model in SCID mice	Silencing of CD55 restores sensitivity to chemotherapy	[109]
	CD59	Pro-tumor	In vivo	A2780	Xenograft model in SCID mice	Silencing of CD59 reduces tumor growth	[110]
	CD59	Pro-tumor	In vitro	SK-OV-3	-	Neutralization improves CDC mediated by mAb therapy	[111]
	CD46 and CD59	Pro-tumor	In vitro	IGROV1, OVCAR3, SKOV3, OAW42, INTOV1, INTOV2	-	Neutralization improves CDC mediated by mAb therapy	[112]
	CD46, CD55, and CD59	Pro-tumor	In vitro	SK-OV-3	-	Silencing of CRPs leads to improved efficacy of mAbs	[113]
	FH, FHL-1, and sCD46	Pro-tumor	In vitro	SK-OV-3, Caov-3, PA-1, SW626	-	Resistance to CDC	[114]

EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition, SCID: severe combined immunodeficient, mAb: monoclonal antibody, CDC: complement-dependent cytotoxicity.