Table 4.
Bivariate analysis of lifestyle characteristics across sex. N = 675.
| Variables | Student Sex Frequency (Proportion) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Test Statistic | p-Value | ||
| Level of study | Pre-clinical phase (years 1–3) | 145 (48.2) | 126 (33.7) | χ2(1) = 14.64 | <0.001 |
| Clinical phase (4th–6th years) | 156 (51.8) | 248 (66.3) | |||
| Meals daily | Breakfast and dinner | 36 (12) | 46 (12.3) | χ2 (6) = 51.64 | <0.001 |
| Breakfast and lunch | 83 (27.6) | 41 (11) | |||
| Breakfast only | 6 (2) | 1 (0.3) | |||
| Breakfast, lunch, and dinner | 71 (23.6) | 119 (31.8) | |||
| Dinner only | 14 (4.7) | 14 (3.7) | |||
| Lunch and dinner | 60 (19.9) | 130 (34.8) | |||
| Lunch only | 31 (10.3) | 23 (6.1) | |||
| Fast food consumption | Never | 6 (2) | 2 (0.5) | χ2 (4) = 23.4 LR |
<0.001 |
| Rarely | 57 (18.9) | 50 (13.4) | |||
| Sometimes | 125 (41.5) | 135 (26.1) | |||
| Usually | 93 (30.9) | 123 (32.9) | |||
| Always | 20 (6.6) | 64 (17.1) | |||
| Daily drinking 2 L of water | Never | 17 (5.6) | 6 (1.6) | χ2 (4) = 45.61 | <0.001 |
| Rarely | 93 (30.9) | 60 (16) | |||
| Sometimes | 95 (31.6) | 102 (27.3) | |||
| Usually | 56 (18.6) | 113 (30.2) | |||
| Always | 40 (13.3) | 93 (24.9) | |||
| Coffee consumption per day | Never | 20 (6.6) | 38 (10.2) | χ2 (4) = 21.45 | <0.001 |
| Rarely | 31 (10.3) | 51 (13.6) | |||
| Sometimes | 39 (13.0) | 69 (18.4) | |||
| Usually | 39 (13.0) | 69 (18.4) | |||
| Always | 172 (57.1) | 147 (39.3) | |||
| Satisfied/Happy with social life | Not satisfied | 71 (23.6) | 56 (15) | χ2 (2) = 14.08 | 0.001 |
| Somewhat satisfied | 138 (45.8) | 157 (42.0) | |||
| Satisfied | 92 (30.6) | 161 (43.0) | |||
| Cigarette smoking | Never | 276 (91.7) | 310 (82.9) | χ2 (4) = 17.58 LR |
0.001 |
| Rarely | 16 (5.3) | 24 (6.4) | |||
| Once per week | 1 (0.3) | 6 (1.6) | |||
| Few times per week | 3 (1.0) | 8 (2.1) | |||
| Daily | 5 (1.7) | 26 (7.0) | |||
| Electronic cigarette smoking | Never | 276 (91.7) | 306 (81.8) | χ2 (4) = 26.75 LR |
<0.001 |
| Rarely | 13 (4.3) | 13 (3.5) | |||
| Once per week | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.8) | |||
| Few times per week | 5 (1.7) | 10 (2.7) | |||
| Daily | 6 (2.0) | 42 (11.2) | |||