Table 6.
Logit regression analysis for loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic for the younger sub-sample.
| Variable | UCLA Measure | Direct Measure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| Male | 0.3221 (2.91) *** | −0.0403 (−0.37) | 0.0064 (0.06) | −0.0480 (−0.49) |
| Age | −0.0135 (−2.87) *** | −0.0072 (−1.56) | −0.0178 (−4.12) *** | −0.0173 (−4.16) *** |
| Married | −0.2609 (−1.80) * | 0.0341 (0.25) | −0.3703 (−2.84) *** | −0.1722 (−1.39) |
| Children | −0.1204 (−1.08) | −0.1458 (−1.33) | 0.1209 (1.16) | 0.1049 (1.07) |
| Living alone | −0.0659 (−0.42) | 0.2179 (1.44) | 0.2320 (1.65) * | 0.3633 (2.71) *** |
| Living in rural area | 0.0838 (0.95) | 0.0704 (0.81) | 0.1027 (1.25) | 0.1184 (1.50) |
| Education | 0.0061 (0.26) | 0.0066 (0.30) | −0.0033 (−0.16) | 0.0265 (1.32) |
| Employed | −0.0959 (−0.78) | 0.0292 (0.25) | 0.1697 (1.52) | 0.1119 (1.06) |
| Log of HHIncome | −0.1712 (−2.17) ** | −0.1983 (−2.60) *** | −0.0197 (−0.28) | −0.1351 (−2.01) ** |
| Log of HHasset | 0.0617 (1.60) | 0.0386 (1.00) | 0.0620 (1.75) * | 0.0538 (1.54) |
| Finliteracy | −0.0039 (−0.03) | 0.0206 (0.16) | 0.0616 (0.48) | −0.1570 (−1.33) |
| Healthy | −0.2007 (−4.60) *** | −0.2539 (−5.84) *** | −0.2434 (−5.98) *** | −0.2245 (−5.71) *** |
| Anxiety | 0.0558 (1.36) | 0.1206 (2.85) *** | −0.0339 (−0.86) | 0.0649 (1.64) |
| Finsatisfaction | −0.1560 (−3.34) *** | −0.0941 (−2.07) ** | −0.1086 (−2.49) ** | −0.0959 (−2.32) ** |
| Depression | 0.5229 (11.88) *** | 0.4743 (11.54) *** | 0.6247 (15.08) *** | 0.6126 (16.33) *** |
| Myopic view | 0.1182 (2.60) *** | 0.0828 (1.90) * | 0.0845 (2.00) ** | 0.0842 (2.11) ** |
| _Cons | 2.4164 (2.05) ** | 2.9502 (2.63) *** | −0.2982 (−0.28) | 0.8559 (0.86) |
| Obs. | 3124 | 3485 | 3124 | 3485 |
| LR Chi2 | 412.21 *** | 400.99 *** | 535.38 *** | 643.24 *** |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.1128 | 0.1058 | 0.1276 | 0.1397 |
| Log likelihood | −1621.4628 | −1694.9911 | −1830.8421 | −1980.9065 |
Note: z values in parentheses; *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.10.