Table 5.

Improvements in TUG test after the 12-week intervention.

Outcomes	D	E	D + E
TUG(s)
Baseline	11.25 ± 2.15	10.51 ± 1.97	10.98 ± 1.98
Post-intervention	9.92 ± 1.68	9.59 ± 1.56	9.37 ± 1.61
Change	−1.33 ± 0.59	−0.92 ± 0.67	−1.61 ± 0.52 $
Effect size	0.69	0.52	0.89
p	<0.001	<0.001	< 0.001

Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Change was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from the postintervention value; p: pairwise test; effect size indicates Cohen’s d; ^$ indicates vs. E group (p < 0.05); D: diet control group; E: resistance exercise group; D + E: diet control and resistance exercise group.