Table 3.
The changes of functional fitness between the groups at baseline and after 12 weeks.
| Variable | Group | Baseline | 12 Weeks | Source | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand grip strength (kg) | Taekwondo | 16.55 ± 1.40 | 19.09 ± 1.43 | Group | 0.227 |
| Time | 0.002 ** | ||||
| Control | 17.07 ± 1.49 | 16.97 ± 1.39 | Group × Time | 0.008 ** | |
| Hand grip strength/weight | Taekwondo | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.35 ± 0.04 | Group | 0.729 |
| Time | 0.000 *** | ||||
| Control | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | Group × Time | 0.006 ** | |
| 4-m gait speed (m/s) | Taekwondo | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | Group | 0.011 * |
| Time | 0.004 ** | ||||
| Control | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.03 | Group × Time | 0.000 *** | |
| 3-m timed up and go (sec) | Taekwondo | 7.00 ± 0.47 | 6.46 ± 0.70 | Group | 0.250 |
| Time | 0.274 | ||||
| Control | 7.03 ± 1.09 | 7.23 ± 1.17 | Group × Time | 0.013 * | |
| Figure-of-eight track (sec) | Taekwondo | 31.08 ± 3.58 | 26.53 ± 1.95 | Group | 0.080 |
| Time | 0.003 ** | ||||
| Control | 31.96 ± 4.22 | 32.01 ± 4.01 | Group × Time | 0.011 * | |
| 30 s chair stand (frequency) | Taekwondo | 19.00 ± 3.85 | 20.64 ± 3.17 | Group | 0.871 |
| Time | 0.137 | ||||
| Control | 20.10 ± 4.93 | 20.22 ± 4.10 | Group × Time | 0.347 | |
| Sit-and-reach (cm) | Taekwondo | 11.82 ± 7.64 | 12.91 ± 6.73 | Group | 0.545 |
| Time | 0.658 | ||||
| Control | 9.05 ± 7.21 | 9.13 ± 6.77 | Group × Time | 0.066 |
Values are means ± standard deviations. *, **, *** indicate values that are significantly different from baseline: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.