Table 1.

Frailty measurement test.

Test	Description	Reference
Frailty phenotype (Fried criteria)/Cardiovascular health study	Unintentional weight loss >4.5 kg in the last year Weakness (low grip strength) Fatigue and low resistance Slowness Low physical capacity	[41]
Frailty index of accumulative deficits	≥30 symptoms, disease, disabilities, comorbidities, or health deficiencies Expressed as a ratio (for example 3/30 = 0.1)	[37]
Vulnerable elders survey	13 questions about age, self-perceptions of health, needing assistance in daily activities, and physical ability A patient with a score of ≥3 is considered vulnerable	[42]
Sarcopenia (loss of muscle due to aging)	Rectus femoris cross-sectional area by ultrasound Computed tomography of the left and right psoas muscles at the L4 vertebra	[43,44]
Frailty index derived from the comprehensive geriatric assessment	Clinical analysis of medical, nutritional, functional, and psychological variables Initially 10 domains, but later expanded to 52 domains	[45,46]
Edmonton frailty scale	Evaluation of 17 variables on cognition, general health status, self-reported health, functional independence, social support, polypharmacy, mood, continence, and functional performance A person with a score >5 is considered frail, with different severity depending on the score: vulnerable (6–7), mildly frail (8–9), moderately frail (10–11), and severely frail (12–17)	[47]
Tilburg frailty indicator	15 self-reported items evaluating: physical components (weight loss, balance, difficulty in walking, health, gripping, vision, and tiredness), psychological factors (memory, anxiety, coping mechanisms and feeling down), social elements (living conditions, social isolation, social support) A person with a score of ≥5 is considered frail	[48]