Table 1.
Characteristics of low and medium SES reference households, for Māori, Pacific, and NZEO ethnic groups, as well as the total population.
| Indicators 1 | Low SES Household | Medium SES Household | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Māori | Pacific | NZEO | Total | Māori | Pacific | NZEO | Total | |
| 4-person reference household | 4-person reference household | |||||||
| Household member 2 | ||||||||
| Male (31–50 years) | ||||||||
| n | 70 | 81 | 39 | 190 | 20 | 14 | 54 | 88 |
| Age (y) | 39.5 (5.4) | 39.8 (4.8) | 38.9 (5.7) | 39.5 (5.2) | 42.0 (6.0) | 39.4 (6.9) | 40.0 (6.0) | 40.4 (6.1) |
| Height (cm) | 174.1 (6.5) | 175.2 (5.5) | 175.8 (8.7) | 174.9 (6.6) | 176.5 (7.4) | 177.6 (7.0) | 176.8 (6.6) | 176.8 (6.8) |
| Weight (kg) | 95.9 (22.6) | 105.1 (20.1) | 82.3 (16.3) | 97.0 (22.0) | 96.4 (16.5) | 109.1 (22.3) | 85.4 (14.0) | 91.7 (18.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5), n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9), n (%) | 8 (12.1%) | 3 (3.7%) | 15 (38.5%) | 26 (14.0%) | 1 (5.3%) | 1 (7.1%) | 14 (26.9%) | 16 (18.8%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9), n (%) | 28 (42.4%) | 15 (18.8%) | 16 (41.0%) | 59 (31.9%) | 7 (36.8%) | 2 (14.3%) | 27 (51.9%) | 36 (42.4%) |
| Obese (≥30.0), n (%) | 30 (45.5%) | 61 (76.2%) | 7 (17.9%) | 98 (53.0%) | 11 (57.9%) | 11 (78.6%) | 11 (21.2%) | 33 (38.8%) |
| Female (31–50 years) | ||||||||
| n | 128 | 96 | 52 | 276 | 29 | 19 | 67 | 115 |
| Age (y) | 38.9 (5.5) | 39.2 (5.4) | 40.4 (5.9) | 39.3 (5.6) | 38.9 (5.7) | 40.6 (4.9) | 40.7 (5.5) | 40.2 (5.5) |
| Height (cm) | 163.5 (5.2) | 163.9 (5.3) | 161.5 (6.0) | 163.3 (5.5) | 162.8 (5.6) | 164.6 (3.9) | 163.8 (6.9) | 163.7 (6.1) |
| Weight (kg) | 89.0 (24.4) | 95.4 (22.0) | 74.4 (17.6) | 88.3 (23.5) | 80.1 (18.7) | 94.2 (18.7) | 76.2 (17.0) | 80.2 (18.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5), n (%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9), n (%) | 18 (15.5%) | 4 (4.6%) | 13 (26.0%) | 35 (13.8%) | 5 (17.2%) | 1 (5.3%) | 21 (32.3%) | 27 (23.9%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9), n (%) | 27 (23.3%) | 22 (25.3%) | 23 (46.0%) | 72 (28.5%) | 15 (51.7%) | 4 (21.0%) | 23 (35.4%) | 42 (37.2%) |
| Obese (≥30.0), n (%) | 70 (60.3%) | 61 (70.1%) | 14 (28.0%) | 145 (57.3%) | 9 (31.0%) | 14 (73.7%) | 21 (32.3%) | 44 (38.9%) |
| Male (11–14 years) | ||||||||
| n | 67 | 110 | 17 | 194 | 36 | 13 | 46 | 95 |
| Age (y) | 12.4 (1.2) | 12.4 (1.1) | 12.5 (0.9) | 12.4 (1.1) | 12.4 (1.2) | 12.5 (1.1) | 12.4 (1.1) | 12.4 (1.2) |
| Height (cm) | 162.7 (11.6) | 161.7 (11.2) | 159.6 (8.5) | 161.9 (11.1) | 160.6 (11.6) | 160.5 (10.3) | 158.6 (11.6) | 159.6 (11.3) |
| Weight (kg) | 58.4 (19.4) | 65.4 (21.0) | 56.3 (11.5) | 62.2 (20.1) | 55.0 (15.6) | 58.1 (14.8) | 53.8 (12.8) | 54.8 (14.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5), n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9), n (%) | 43 (68.3%) | 40 (38.1%) | 8 (53.3%) | 91 (49.7%) | 21 (65.6%) | 4 (33.3%) | 27 (62.8%) | 52 (59.8%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9), n (%) | 12 (19.0%) | 33 (31.4%) | 6 (40.0%) | 51 (27.9%) | 8 (25.0%) | 6 (50.0%) | 13 (30.2%) | 27 (31.0%) |
| Obese (≥30.0), n (%) | 8 (12.7%) | 32 (30.5%) | 1 (6.7%) | 41 (22.4%) | 3 (9.4%) | 2 (16.7%) | 3 (7.0%) | 8 (9.2%) |
| Female (7–10 years) | ||||||||
| n | 127 | 133 | 25 | 285 | 31 | 20 | 24 | 75 |
| Age (y) | 8.4 (1.2) | 8.6 (1.1) | 8.6 (1.2) | 8.5 (1.1) | 8.3 (1.2) | 8.6 (1.2) | 8.6 (1.2) | 8.5 (1.2) |
| Height (cm) | 135.6 (9.8) | 139.4 (9.9) | 135.1 (7.2) | 137.4 (9.8) | 136.4 (11.9) | 137.5 (10.2) | 135.0 (9.4) | 136.3 (10.6) |
| Weight (kg) | 36.5 (11.0) | 41.9 (13.0) | 32.9 (6.5) | 38.9 (12.1) | 37.3 (13.8) | 37.3 (10.9) | 35.1 (9.4) | 36.6 (11.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5), n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9), n (%) | 59 (50.9%) | 50 (38.7%) | 17 (73.9%) | 126 (47.0%) | 14 (46.7%) | 9 (45.0%) | 12 (54.5%) | 35 (48.6%) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9), n (%) | 35 (30.2%) | 34 (26.4%) | 4 (17.4%) | 73 (27.2%) | 9 (30.0%) | 9 (45.0%) | 8 (36.4%) | 26 (36.1%) |
| Obese (≥30.0), n (%) | 22 (19.0%) | 45 (34.9%) | 2 (8.7%) | 69 (25.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 2 (9.1%) | 11 (15.3%) |
| SES Data | ||||||||
| Decile of socioeconomic deprivation (NZDep) 3 | 9–10 | 5–6 | ||||||
| Equivalised disposable household income 4 | $404/week | $775/week | ||||||
| Adjusted household income 5 | $808/week | $1550/week | ||||||
1 All data are mean (SD) of all data used for analysis, unless otherwise stated. BMI data and categories were taken directly from the relevant survey microdata. 2 Four-person reference household, as defined by the INFORMAS protocol [18], adapted to align with the age groups used in the 2008/2009 Adult Nutrition Survey (ANS) [6], and the 2002 Children’s Nutrition Survey (CNS) [25]. 3 Defined according to the 2018 NZ Index of Deprivation (NZDep) [24]. 4 Sourced from the 2019 NZ Household Income and Housing-Cost Statistics [32]. 5 Equivalized disposable income (2017–2018) multiplied by the OECD adjustment factor of 2 (for a household of 4) [18]. BMI, body mass index; SES, socioeconomic status; NZEO, New Zealand European and Other.