Table 3.
The current NZ diet for each reference household, by ethnicity and SES.
| Current Diet 1 | Low SES Household | Medium SES Household | ||||
| Māori | Pacific | NZEO | Māori | Pacific | NZEO | |
| n | 391 | 420 | 133 | 116 | 66 | 190 |
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 7286.1 (111.5) | 7275.2 (103.4) | 6228.2 (126.4) | 6260.3 (159.6) | 6931.1 (236.3) | 6247.9 (130.5) |
| Food groups (servings/day) 2 | ||||||
| Vegetables (21.5 servings/day) | 7.0 (0.3) | 10.0 (0.4) | 6.6 (0.4) | 6.3 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.8) | 7.8 (0.4) |
| Fruit (8 servings/day) | 4.4 (0.2) | 5.5 (0.2) | 5.1 (0.3) | 6.6 (0.3) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.9 (0.2) |
| Grains and cereals (22 servings/day) | 11.9 (0.4) | 15.5 (0.4) | 11.8 (0.5) | 10.9 (0.5) | 13.3 (0.9) | 14.4 (0.6) |
| Lean meats and alternatives (10 servings/day) | 5.5 (0.2) | 6.8 (0.2) | 3.9 (0.3) | 5.2 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) | 3.6 (0.2) |
| Dairy and alternatives (10.5 servings/day) | 3.1 (0.1) | 2.2 (0.1) | 3.5 (0.2) | 3.4 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.2) | 3.5 (0.1) |
| Discretionary foods (<11 servings/day) | 36.9 (0.8) | 31.6 (0.8) | 27.3 (0.9) | 27.4 (1.3) | 28.2 (1.6) | 23.9 (0.7) |
| Macronutrients (% of energy) 3 | ||||||
| Protein (15–25%) | 14.2 (0.2) | 14.9 (0.2) | 13.1 (0.3) | 13.2 (0.3) | 14.1 (0.4) | 13.1 (0.2) |
| Total fat (<35%) | 34.3 (0.3) | 31.5 (0.3) | 30.3 (0.4) | 31.6 (0.4) | 31.7 (0.7) | 28.7 (0.4) |
| Saturated fat (<10%) | 12.3 (0.1) | 11.0 (0.1) | 11.7 (0.2) | 11.7 (0.2) | 11.7 (0.3) | 11.2 (0.2) |
| Monounsaturated fat | 12.6 (0.1) | 11.6 (0.1) | 10.1 (0.2) | 11.0 (0.2) | 11.5 (0.3) | 9.6 (0.2) |
| Polyunsaturated fat | 5.5 (0.1) | 5.4 (0.1) | 5.1 (0.1) | 5.2 (0.1) | 5.0 (0.1) | 4.7 (0.1) |
| Total Carbohydrates (45–65%) | 49.7 (0.3) | 51.5 (0.3) | 54.6 (0.5) | 53.2 (0.5) | 52.3 (0.8) | 56.1 (0.4) |
| Total sugars | 20.0 (0.3) | 19.0 (0.3) | 24.4 (0.5) | 24.5 (0.6) | 20.1 (0.7) | 22.7 (0.4) |
| Added sugars (<10%) | 10.7 (0.2) | 8.8 (0.2) | 12.9 (0.4) | 12.0 (0.5) | 10.0 (0.5) | 11.2 (0.3) |
| Free sugars | 12.2 (0.2) | 10.2 (0.2) | 14.6 (0.5) | 14.4 (0.5) | 11.2 (0.5) | 13.0 (0.3) |
| Starch | 29.5 (0.3) | 32.3 (0.3) | 29.9 (0.5) | 28.5 (0.5) | 32.0 (0.8) | 33.2 (0.5) |
| Dietary fiber (g/day) 4 (100 g/day) | 67.6 (1.2) | 75.8 (1.2) | 65.9 (1.8) | 64.3 (1.7) | 70.8 (2.7) | 69.6 (1.5) |
| Cost and affordability | ||||||
| Cost of diet (NZD/week) | 191.0 (3.3) | 187.3 (2.9) | 155.7 (3.3) | 173.8 (6.0) | 184.9 (6.5) | 161.3 (3.5) |
| Diet affordability (%) 5 | 23.6 | 23.2 | 19.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 10.4 |
| Diet energy cost (NZD/100 kcal) | 2.7 (0.0) | 2.7 (0.0) | 2.6 (0.0) | 2.8 (0.1) | 2.7 (0.1) | 2.6 (0.0) |
| Total consumed food (g/day) | 5131.5 (72.1) | 5242.6 (71.7) | 4644.8 (94.8) | 4538.0 (98.3) | 5040.0 (168.4) | 4534.8 (77.8) |
1 All data are mean (SEM) per day of the combination of average data for each household (i.e., adult male + adult female + child male + child female) for all diets used in the analyses. 2 Servings per day were calculated based on the recommendations provided in the updated Ministry of Health serving size advice sheet [41]. The recommended number of household servings, taken as the sum of the recommended number of servings for each household member (Supplementary Table S3) is shown in brackets for each core food group. 3 The recommended dietary intake, as a percentage of energy, shown in brackets for relevant macronutrients. 4 The recommended daily intake of dietary fiber for a household was taken as the sum of the recommended intakes for each household member (Supplementary Table S3) and is shown in brackets as 100g/day. 5 Diet affordability is the mean diet cost per week expressed as a percentage of equivalized disposable income (as shown in Table 1). NZEO, New Zealand European and other ethnic groups; SES, Socioeconomic Status.