TABLE 1.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for all participants with and without urgency and frequency predominant lower urinary tract symptoms (UFLUTS)
| Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria (n=42) |
|---|---|
| All | • Stress urinary incontinence or mixed incontinence more than once per month |
| • Women, ages 18–60 | • Current or recurrent urinary tract infectiona or gynecologic infection or cancer |
| • Able to speak and understand English | • Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapsea |
| • Previous surgery for prolapse or incontinence | |
| Cases w/ UFLUTS (n=21) | • Hip, pelvic, or trunk trauma or cancer |
| • Bothersome urgency or frequency in the past 4 weeks | • Abdominal or pelvic surgery in the past year |
| • Current injury that would limit their ability to participate in testing | |
| • Onabotulinumtoxin injections to the bladder, pelvic floor or hip muscles | |
| Controls (n=21) | • Vulvovaginal dermatological conditions associated with UFLUTS |
| • No UFLUTS in the past 6 months | • Diabetes |
| • Current pregnancya or birth/termination/miscarriage in the past 12 weeks | |
| • Age, BMI, & parity matched to cases | • Neurological involvement that would influence their coordination or balance |
| • Implanted devices that impair the ability to visualize / make ultrasound measuresb |
a
Items ruled out during final eligibility exam
b
A separate study with the same participants called for ultrasound imaging