Table 2.

Changes in mean heart rate, blood pressure, plasma potassium and QTc interval during acute hyperglycemia and acute hypoglycemia compared with fasting plasma glucose in the group of insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes and the group of controls.

Parameter/group	FPG		Hyperglycemia			Hypoglycemia
	Mean	95% CI	∆Mean	∆95% CI	P	∆Mean	∆95% CI	P
Heart rate (b.p.m)
T2D	67	63; 71	−1	−2; 0	0.157	11	8; 14	<0.0001
Controls	56	52; 61	2	1; 3	0.002	11	8; 13	<0.0001
∆Groups			−2	−1, −4	0.002	0	−3, 4	0.835
Systolic BP (mmHg)
T2D	133	125; 141	2	−4; 8	0.504	3	−4, 8	0.514
Controls	131	123; 139	6	0; 12	0.055	−6	−15; 3	0.199
∆Groups			−4	−13, 5	0.363	9	−4, 22	0.173
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
T2D	78	73; 83	−1	−5; 2	0.456	−10	−16; −4	0.002
Controls	80	75; 85	1	−3; 5	0.613	−10	−16; −4	0.002
∆Groups			−2	−8, 3	0.377	0	−8, 9	0.946
Plasma potassium (mmol/L)
T2D	4.1	4.0; 4.2	0.0	−0.1; 0.1	0.545	−1.0	−1.1; −0.9	<0.0001
Controls	4.1	4.0; 4.3	−0.2	−0.3; −0.1	0.002	−0.9	−1.0; −0.7	<0.0001
∆Groups			0.1	0.0, 0.3	0.074	−0.2	−0.3, 0.0	0.053
QTcF30 min (ms)
T2D	410	404, 418	8	5, 11	<0.0001	31	16, 45	<0.0001
Controls	412	405, 419	7	3, 10	<0.001	39	24, 53	<0.0001
∆Groups			1	−3, 6	0.529	−8	−28, 12	0.434
QTcFmax (ms)
T2D	447	432, 462	15	−6, 36	0.162	49	18, 79	<0.001
Controls	440	425, 455	3	−19, 25	0.790	55	24, 86	<0.001
∆Groups			12	−18, 43	0.426	−6	−50, 37	0.765
QTcB30 min (ms)
T2D	417	408, 425	8	3, 12	<0.001	42	27, 58	<0.0001
Controls	407	398, 416	8	4, 13	<0.001	51	35, 66	<0.0001
∆Groups			−1	−7, 5	0.799	−8	−30, 14	0.448
∆QTcBmax (ms)
T2D	453	437, 470	16	−5, 37	0.133	60	30, 90	<0.001
Controls	449	432, 465	7	−14, 29	0.486	67	37, 97	<0.0001
∆Groups			8	−28, 32	0.574	−7	−50, 36	0.747

FPG, fasting plasma glucose; QTcB, heart rate-corrected QT by Bazett’s correction; QTcF, heart rate-corrected QT by Fridericia’s correction, ref, reference; T2D, type 2 diabetes.