Table 2.

Maternal plasma, placenta, total foetus, and foetal brain fatty acid profile at day 20 of gestation.

Fatty acids (g/100 g fatty acids)	GDM (n = 8)	GDM+ADI (n = 9)	Control (n = 10)	P
Maternal plasma
16:0	21.07 ± 0.91	20.29 ± 0.40	20.87 ± 0.52	0.605
18:0	8.73 ± 0.77	9.24 ± 0.61	8.98 ± 0.36	0.807
18:1 n-9	14.26 ± 1.21	15.35 ± 0.75	14.07 ± 0.78	0.498
18:2 n-6	21.32 ± 1.19	20.26 ± 0.76	20.55 ± 1.02	0.723
20:4 n-6	15.04 ± 0.85	16.59 ± 0.81	17.49 ± 1.04	0.173
20:5 n-3 (EPA)	0.15 ± 0.05a	0.27 ± 0.06ab	0.39 ± 0.05b	0.016
22:6 n-3 (DHA)	6.70 ± 0.71	5.84 ± 0.35	5.60 ± 0.46	0.268
SFA	31.72 ± 1.63	31.50 ± 0.58	31.97 ± 0.53	0.923
MUFA	18.55 ± 1.44	20.13 ± 0.81	18.55 ± 0.95	0.417
PUFA	49.65 ± 1.49	48.21 ± 0.81	49.34 ± 1.01	0.576
n-6/n-3	5.41 ± 0.51	6.00 ± 0.30	6.30 ± 0.48	0.336
LC-PUFA n-6	19.91 ± 0.97	20.34 ± 0.73	21.13 ± 1.04	0.615
LC-PUFA n-3	7.81 ± 0.80	6.88 ± 0.38	6.78 ± 0.53	0.355
Placenta
16:0	21.49 ± 0.28ab	20.98 ± 0.31a	21.98 ± 0.18b	0.020
18:0	16.87 ± 0.23	16.87 ± 0.37	16.01 ± 0.33	0.087
18:1 n-9	9.85 ± 0.54	9.43 ± 0.31	9.34 ± 0.14	0.512
18:2 n-6	15.27 ± 0.52	14.79 ± 0.46	13.82 ± 0.46	0.086
20:4 n-6	16.50 ± 0.56a	17.99 ± 0.35b	17.85 ± 0.35ab	0.028
20:5 n-3 (EPA)	0.08 ± 0.01a	0.10 ± 0.01ab	0.13 ± 0.01b	0.006
22:6 n-3 (DHA)	4.55 ± 0.20	4.59 ± 0.10	4.23 ± 0.12	0.107
SFA	41.63 ± 0.19	41.21 ± 0.39	41.73 ± 0.44	0.538
MUFA	14.11 ± 0.63	13.70 ± 0.41	13.74 ± 0.21	0.735
PUFA	44.14 ± 0.62	44.96 ± 0.37	44.37 ± 0.35	0.390
n-6/n-3	7.21 ± 0.26	7.30 ± 0.18	7.71 ± 0.17	0.142
LC-PUFA n-6	23.16 ± 0.94	24.44 ± 0.49	25.17 ± 0.29	0.053
LC-PUFA n-3	5.20 ± 0.21	5.24 ± 0.11	4.93 ± 0.12	0.236
Total foetus
16:0	23.73 ± 0.43	23.13 ± 0.26	23.82 ± 0.59	0.491
18:0	12.10 ± 0.18	12.28 ± 0.16	12.63 ± 0.16	0.072
18:1 n-9	14.82 ± 0.21	14.76 ± 0.22	14.55 ± 0.23	0.631
18:2 n-6	8.91 ± 0.49	8.20 ± 0.46	7.80 ± 0.25	0.139
20:4 n-6	14.83 ± 0.22	15.59 ± 0.28	15.11 ± 0.35	0.194
20:5 n-3 (EPA)	0.11 ± 0.01ab	0.11 ± 0.01a	0.13 ± 0.01b	0.020
22:6 n-3 (DHA)	6.12 ± 0.13	6.32 ± 0.13	6.02 ± 0.17	0.318
SFA	38.25 ± 0.47	38.16 ± 0.30	39.51 ± 0.58	0.069
MUFA	24.00 ± 0.30	23.93 ± 0.45	23.77 ± 0.37	0.892
PUFA	37.53 ± 0.40	37.69 ± 0.50	36.49 ± 0.68	0.225
n-6/n-3	4.44 ± 0.12	4.34 ± 0.08	4.37 ± 0.06	0.712
LC-PUFA n-6	21.30 ± 0.30	22.06 ± 0.28	21.51 ± 0.38	0.237
LC-PUFA n-3	6.64 ± 0.13	6.78 ± 0.13	6.52 ± 0.19	0.467
Foetal brain
16:0	29.97 ± 0.51	31.16 ± 0.53	31.65 ± 0.69	0.124
18:0	15.08 ± 0.37	14.62 ± 0.13	14.80 ± 0.37	0.578
18:1 n-9	12.45 ± 0.44	11.92 ± 0.16	11.99 ± 0.18	0.319
18:2 n-6	1.33 ± 0.16a	1.03 ± 0.07ab	0.94 ± 0.09b	0.036
20:4 n-6	11.85 ± 1.82	13.64 ± 0.20	12.96 ± 0.31	0.141
20:5 n-3 (EPA)	0.09 ± 0.10	0.03 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.03	0.974
22:6 n-3 (DHA)	9.87 ± 0.35	10.23 ± 0.24	10.00 ± 0.40	0.738
SFA	45.77 ± 0.23	46.38 ± 0.47	47.20 ± 0.71	0.210
MUFA	22.89 ± 1.94	20.34 ± 0.27	20.53 ± 0.34	0.398
PUFA	31.11 ± 1.95	33.04 ± 0.48	32.01 ± 0.85	0.477
n-6/n-3	2.08 ± 0.24	2.17 ± 0.06	2.14 ± 0.05	0.477
LC-PUFA n-6	19.34 ± 2.22	21.42 ± 0.30	20.67 ± 0.50	0.412
LC-PUFA n-3	10.06 ± 0.42	10.32 ± 0.27	10.07 ± 0.41	0.786

Results are expressed as means ± s.e.m. Only selected fatty acids are listed but all fatty acids analysed were considered for the calculation of percentages.

Different superscript letters indicate significant differences between experimental groups (P < 0.05) (bold face).

DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GDM + ADI, animals with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with AdipoRon; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (>18 carbons); MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids.