Table 1.
Patient characteristics of patients in cohort I stratified according to their BMI and presence of NAFLD: lean patients (BMI <25 kg/m2) without NAFLD, lean patients with NAFLD, overweight patients (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) with NAFLD, and obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with NAFLD
| A | Lean w/o NAFLD (n = 892) | Lean NAFLD (n = 205) | Overweight NAFLD (n = 636) | Obese NAFLD (n = 505) | P | ||
| 1 vs 2 | 2 vs 3 | 2 vs 4 | |||||
| Age, yr | 56.7 ± 9.9 | 60.3 ± 10.2 | 61.3 ± 9.5 | 61.6 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | 0.214 | 0.115 |
| Male sex | 305 (34.2%) | 116 (56.6%) | 433 (68.1%) | 304 (60.2%) | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.375 |
| Metabolic characterization | |||||||
| MetSa | 66 (8.1%) | 54 (31.0%) | 302 (54.1%) | 368 (80.5%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Visceral obesity | 113 (13.8%) | 47 (26.9%) | 366 (65.2%) | 451 (97.2%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 84.0 ± 7.9 | 91.1 ± 7.4 | 100.5 ± 6.9 | 113.5 ± 10.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 170 (19.1%) | 80 (39.0%) | 338 (53.1%) | 333 (65.9%) | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 83 (64–106) | 107 (82–141) | 128 (93–175) | 139 (108–185) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 70 ± 19 | 62 ± 23 | 54 ± 14 | 50 ± 14 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 141 ± 38 | 146 ± 41 | 148 ± 38 | 145 ± 36 | 0.136 | 0.517 | 0.670 |
| Dysglycemia | 387 (43.7%) | 128 (63.0%) | 470 (74.5%) | 412 (82.1%) | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| Prediabetes | 342 (38.6%) | 103 (50.7%) | 352 (55.8%) | 247 (49.2%) | 0.002 | 0.209 | 0.712 |
| DM | 45 (5.1%) | 25 (12.3%) | 118 (18.7%) | 165 (32.9%) | <0.001 | 0.034 | <0.001 |
| IFG | 191 (22.7%) | 66 (37.1%) | 242 (47.2%) | 179 (53.1%) | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.001 |
| IGT | 90 (13.0%) | 33 (23.6%) | 129 (30.2%) | 80 (28.3%) | 0.001 | 0.131 | 0.304 |
| OGTT >2 hr, mg/dL | 116 ± 29 | 127 ± 40 | 133 ± 40 | 137 ± 44 | 0.001 | 0.113 | 0.018 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.16 (0.82–1.65) | 1.49 (1.06–2.17) | 2.21 (1.62–3.15) | 3.21 (2.16–4.98) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IR | 61 (8.1%) | 28 (19.2%) | 184 (41.5%) | 218 (66.5%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular characterization | |||||||
| Hypertension | 436 (48.9%) | 128 (62.4%) | 498 (78.3%) | 448 (88.7%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 122 ± 16 | 129 ± 18 | 132 ± 16 | 139 ± 19 | <0.001 | 0.033 | <0.001 |
| CCS | 33 (3.7%) | 15 (7.5%) | 56 (8.8%) | 46 (9.3%) | 0.020 | 0.544 | 0.439 |
| FRS score, points | 7 (4–11) | 11 (7–18) | 14 (9–22) | 17 (11–27) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SCORE, % | 1.3 (0.5–3.5) | 2.8 (1.1–7.1) | 3.8 (1.8–7.0) | 4.0 (1.8–7.9) | <0.001 | 0.014 | 0.003 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCS, chronic coronary syndrome; DM, diabetes mellitus; FRS, Framingham risk score; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IR, insulin resistance; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SCORE, Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation; WC, waist circumference.
Only patients were considered if data on all components of the MetS were available in the individual patient.